INTERAKSI AGEN PENGENDALI HAYATI Trichoderma sp. DAN PATOGEN Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici MELALUI SENYAWA ORGANIK VOLATIL

VERONIKA VIRGO A, Dr. Ir. Jaka Widada, M.P.; M. Saifur Rohman, S.P.,M.Si.,M.Eng.,Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 MIKROBIOLOGI PERTANIAN

Agen pengendali hayati Trichoderma sp. dikenal efektif menghambat pertumbuhan patogen dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman baik melalui metabolit sekunder maupun senyawa organik volatil (VOC) yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat mekanisme interaksi Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) melalui senyawa organik volatile dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian menggunakan dua strain Trichoderma sp. yaitu strain Lab 5 dan Lab 6 serta Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian interaksi melalui VOC dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem penyatuan bagian bawah dari dua cawan Petri berdiameter 90 mm yang memungkinkan pemisahan secara fisik antara Trichoderma dan Fol. Pengamatan pertumbuhan Fol dan tomat serta ultrastruktur Fol dan Trichoderma dilakukan dengan mikroskop skaning eletron. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strain Lab 5 dan Lab 6 melalui VOC menghambat pertumbuhan dan pembentukan pigmen Fol, dan juga menghambat pertumbuhan tomat. Trichoderma sp. dan Fol saling berinteraksi melalui VOC yang menyebabkan kerusakan miselia yang lebih parah pada Trichoderma sp. dibandingkan kerusakan pada Fol. Hasil ini mengindikasikan pentingnya VOC dalam interaksi antara agen pengendali hayati Trichoderma sp, pathogen tanaman Fol dan pertumbuhan tanaman.

Biological control agent Trichoderma sp. known to be effective in inhibiting pathogen growth and promoting plant growth through production of secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of interaction of Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) through volatile organic compounds and their effect on the growth of tomato plants. Two strains of Trichoderma sp. namely strain Lab 5 and Lab 6 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was used in this study. Tests of interaction via VOCs were carried out using a system of merging of two lower Petri dishes with a diameter of 90 mm which allowed physical separation between Trichoderma sp. and Fol. Observation of Fol and tomato growth as well as Fol and Trichoderma sp. ultrastructures were carried out using scaning electron microscopy. The results showed that Lab 5 and Lab 6 strains through VOCs inhibited the growth and formation of Fol pigments, and also inhibited tomato growth. Trichoderma sp. and Fol interacts through VOCs which causes more severe mycelia damage in Trichoderma sp. compared to damage to Fol. These results indicate the importance of VOCs in interactions between biological control agents Trichoderma sp, Fol and plant growth.

Kata Kunci : Trichoderma sp., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, senyawa organik volatil, Interaksi