Moral Judgment Anak terhadap Ingroup dan Outgroup Berbasis Agama

DARA ANGGITASARI, Sutarimah Ampuni, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PSIKOLOGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan moral judgment anak terhadap anggota ingroup dan outgroup berbasis agama, ketika identitas keagamaan anak dimunculkan (dibuat salient). Penelitian ini menggunakan priming dengan pertanyaan dan pilihan jawaban berupa gambar yang berkaitan dengan identitas keagamaan. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan moral judgment anak terhadap perilaku pelanggaran aturan moral yang dilakukan oleh ingroup dan outgroup berbasis agama; moral judgment terhadap ingroup lebih lunak daripada moral judgment terhadap outgroup, artinya pelanggaran moral yang dilakukan oleh anggota ingroup akan lebih ditoleransi daripada pelanggaran moral yang dilakukan oleh anggota outgroup. Subjek penelitian adalah 66 siswa sekolah dasar negeri yang beragama Islam (laki-laki=33, perempuan=33). Pengukuran dilakukan dengan Skala Moral Judgment berbasis cerita singkat (vignette). Uji t sampel berpasangan (t=-4,420; p<0,001) menunjukkan moral judgment terhadap outgroup (M=69,21, SD=9,86) lebih tinggi (lebih keras) daripada moral judgment terhadap ingroup (M=66,09, SD=9,33). Walaupun hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan hipotesis, terdapat masalah terkait keseimbangan bobot instrumen yang dipergunakan. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini harus diinterpretasikan dengan hati-hati.

This study aims to compare children's moral judgment towards religion-based ingroup and outgroup members (when the social identity that is based on religion are salient). Religion-based social identity was primed using questions related to the religion identities where children participants were asked to identify the answer in the form of images. It was hypothesized that there are differences in children moral judgment toward moral violations conducted by religion-based ingroup and outgroup members. Moral judgment against ingroup would be more lenient than moral judgment against outgroup, meaning that moral violations committed by ingroup members would be more tolerated than moral violations committed by outgroup members. Subjects were 66 Muslim students from public elementary school (male=33, female=33). Moral judgment was measured using Moral Judgment Scale based on short stories (vignette). Paired sample t test (t=4,420; p<0,001) confirmed that moral judgment against outgroup (M=69,21, SD=9,86) were higher (harsher) than moral judgment against ingroup (M=66,09, SD=9,33); however further examination showed that there was an important issue with the instruments. Thus, caution is needed when interpreting the results of this study.

Kata Kunci : moral judgment, identitas sosial, ingroup-outgroup, priming, identity salience