Rekayasa Frekuensi Suara Jangkrik (Gryllidae) untuk Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Keriting (Capsicum annum L.)

TRIYUNI NOVARIA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Muhjidin Mawardi; Rizki Maftukhah, STP., M.Sc

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Suara menghasilkan getaran dalam medium udara atau air yang kemudian dirasakan oleh tanaman sehingga getaran suara yang diterima akan mempengaruhi buka tutup stomata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur lebar bukaan stomata daun, menghitung laju pertumbuhan tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman, serta mengetahui laju serapan CO2 yang paling maksimum akibat pemaparan suara jangkrik. Pemaparan suara yang digunakan antara lain frekuensi 3.000 Hz, 4.000 Hz dan 5.000 Hz. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan percobaan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap). Pemaparan suara dilakukan 1 jam sehari pada 08.00 sampai 09.00 WIB didalam chamber selama 43 hari. Pertumbuhan yang diamati antara lain tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lebar pembukaan stomata, persentase stomata terbuka dan laju serapan CO2. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis grafis dan persamaan matematik pemodelan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebar bukaan stomata pada perlakuan 3000 Hz 0,500 mikrometer; 4000 Hz 0,546 mikrometer; 5000 Hz 0.540 mikrometer dan kontrol 0,480 mikrometer. Pemberian variasi frekuensi suara jangkrik memberikan beda nyata terhadap lebar bukaan stomata. Laju pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman frekuensi 3000 Hz 0,020; 4000 Hz 0,020; 5000 Hz 0,024; kontrol 0,022. Laju pertumbuhan daun kumulatif tanaman frekuensi 3000 Hz 0,028; 4000 Hz 0,030; 5000 Hz 0,034; kontrol 0,025. Pemberian variasi frekuensi suara jangkrik tidak memberikan beda nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, namun berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan daun. Laju serapan CO2 pada tanaman frekuensi 3000 Hz 0,002; 4000 Hz 0,002; 5000 Hz 0,002; kontrol 0,001. Laju serapan CO2 pada semua perlakuan frekuensi memberikan nilai yang hampir sama, antara 0,002 ppm. Tanaman yang diberi rekayasa suara jangkrik pada berbagai frekuensi berbengaruh baik untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai keriting.

The sound will produce vibrations in the air or water and then will felt by plant. The sound vibrations received will affect opening of the stomata. This study aimed to determine effect of cricket sound frequency on leaf stomata opening, to calculate the rate of plant growth, and to find out the maximum CO2 absorption rate. This study modified frequency of cricket sound into 3,000 Hz; 4,000 Hz; and 5,000 Hz. An experimental study with Completely Randomized Design was applied to achive the aims. Sound exposure was conducted 1 hour a day at 08.00 to 09.00 inside a chamber for 43 days. Parameter of plant growth were plant height, number of leaves, stomatal aperture, percentage of stomatal aperture and CO2 absorption rate. Mathematical model was used to predict plant growth and CO2 absorption. The results showed that the stomatal aperture on frequency of 3000 Hz, 4,000 Hz, 5,000 Hz and control was 0.500 micrometer, 0.546 micrometer, 0.540 micrometer, 0.480 micrometer, respectively. Different frequency of cricket sound gave a real difference in the width of the stomata opening. Frequency of cricket sound 3,000; 4,000 Hz; 5,000 Hz; and control was 0.020, 0.020, 0.024, 0.022, respectively on plant height. Number of leaves on 3,000 Hz; 4,000 Hz; 5,000 Hz; and control was 0.028,0.030, 0.034, 0.025, respectively. The variation of cricket sound frequency did not give a real difference in plant height, but it was significantly different for leaf growth. CO2 absorption rate on cricket sound frequency 3,000 Hz; 4,000 Hz; 5,000 Hz; and control was 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, respectively. Different cricket sound frequency had a similar impact on CO2 absorption rate, approximately 0.002 ppm. The result showed that Capsicum annum L chili plants were given cricket sound at various frequencies had a good response on the growth.

Kata Kunci : Capsicum annum L, Frekuensi Suara Jangkrik, Pertumbuhan Tanaman