PENGARUH UMUR DAN BANGSA TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN NON KARKAS SAPI LIMPO DAN SIMPO YANG DIPOTONG DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN KABUPATEN WONOSOBO JAWA TENGAH

ROSDA KHAIRANA, Prof. Ir. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, M. Sc., Ph.D., IPU. ; Ir. Dyah Maharani, S.Pt., M. P., Ph.D., IPM

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan umur dan bangsa terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas sapi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 120 ekor sapi jantan Limousin Peranakan Ongole (LimPO) dan sapi Simmental Peranakan Ongole (SimPO) digunakan dalam penelitian, masing-masing bangsa sapi dibagi dalam kelompok umur potong yaitu kurang daru 1,5 tahun, 1,5 sampai kurang dari 2,5 tahun, 2,5 sampai kurang dari 3,5 tahun, dan lebih dari 3,5 tahun. Metode penelitian yaitu pemilihan ternak, pemotongan ternak serta penimbangan karkas dan non karkas. Data yang diambil adalah bobot karkas, persentase karkas dan non karkas (kepala, kaki, kulit, lemak, saluran pencernaan, jantung, paru-paru, dan ginjal). Data dianalisis dengan analisis variansi pola faktorial (2x4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bangsa sapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas, namun faktor umur ternak berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05), kecuali persentase daging dan persentase kepala. Umur sapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap komponen karkas yaitu bobot potong, bobot daging; bobot tulang, persentase tulang serta rasio daging dan tulang. Umur ternak juga berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap persentase non karkas, kecuali persentase kepala. Tidak ada interaksi antara faktor bangsa dan umur ternak, kecuali pada persentase paru-paru dan jantung. Bobot potong sapi umur kurang dari 1,5 ; 1,5 sampai kurang dari 2,5 ; 2,5 sampai kurang dari 3,5 dan lebih dari 3,5 tahun berturut-turut 448,90; 513,96; 576,20 dan 603,00 kg, bobot daging 188,30; 208,26; 227,66 dan 247,36 kg, serta rasio daging dan tulang 4,53; 4,21; 4,09 dan 4,21. Persentase kaki sapi umur kuraang dari1,5 ; 1,5 sampai kurang dari 2,5 ; 2,5 sampai kurang dari 3,5 dan lebih dari 3,5 tahun adalah 3,88; 4,19; 4,20; 3,70 persen, sedangkan persentase kulit 12,23; 12,47; 12,61; 12,26 persen, persentase paru-paru 0,62; 0,65; 0,66; 0,66 persen, persentase jantung 0,47; 0,50; 0,58; 0,62 persen, persentase ginjal 0,35; 0,43; 0,41; 0,45 persen, dan persentase lemak 4,50; 4,79; 4,92; 5,10 persen. Disimpulkan bahwa Sapi SimPO dan LimPO mempunyai persentase karkas dan non karkas yang relatif sama dan semakin tua umur ternak, maka semakin tinggi persentase karkas dan non karkasnya.

The research was conducted to identify the effect of age and breed on the carcass and non carcass percentages of cattle slaughtered at slaughter house located in Wonosobo district, Central Java province. One hundreds and twenty (120) head of SimPO and LimPO cattle were used in the study. Each cattle breed was divided into four categories based on their slaughter age, namely less than 1.5; 1.5 until less than 2.5; 2.5 until less than 3.5 and more than 3.5 years old. The methods were consisted of cattle grading, slaughtering and weighing the carcass and non carcass. The data collected were carcass weight, carcass and non carcass percentages (including percentages of head, legs, leather, fat, digestive tract, heart, lungs, and kidney percentages). Factorial analysis (2x4) was used to identify the mean differences. The results showed that cattle breed did not have significant effect on carcass and non carcass percentages, while age of cattle had significant effect (P<0.05), except for meat and head percentages. The age was significantly (P<0.05) affect the carcass compartment such as slaughter weight, meat weight, bone weight, bone percentages and meat bone ration. Age were also had significant effect (P<0.01) on the non carcass percentages, except for heart and lung percentages. There were no interaction effect of age and breed except for heart and lung percentages. Slaughter weight of cattle aged at less than 1.5; 1.5 until less than 2.5; 2.5 until less than 3.5 and more than 3.5 years old were 448.90; 513.96; 576.20 and 603.00 kg, respectively, while meat weight were 188.30; 208.26; 227.66 and 247.36 kg, meat bone ration were 4.53; 4.21; 4.09 and 4.21. Leg percentage of cattle at less thab 1.5; 1.5 until less than 2.5; 2.5 until less than 3.5 and more than 3.5 years old were 3.88; 4.19; 4.20; 3.70 percent, leather percentage were 12.23; 12.47; 12.61; 12.26 percent, lung percentage were 0.62; 0.65; 0.66; 0.66 percent, heart percentage were 0.47; 0.50; 0.58; 0.62 percent, kidney percentage were 0.35; 0.43; 0.41; 0.45 percent, and fat percentage were 4.50; 4.79; 4.92; 5.10 percent. It is concluded that SimPO and LimPO cattle have similar carcass and non carcass percentages, however, the older cattle has higher carcass and non carcass percentages compared to younger cattle.

Kata Kunci : Umur, Bangsa, Karkas, Non karkas