Karakterisasi Morfologi Dua Puluh Lima Tanaman Sri Rejeki (Aglaonema spp.)

IRWAN GERY RENALDI, Dr. Ir Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Perakitan varietas baru tanaman aglaonema memerlukan tetua dengan pembawa sifat tertentu yang sesuai dengan permintaan pasar. Keberhasilan perakitan varietas baru ditentukan oleh hubungan kekerabatan antar tanaman yang digunakan sebagai tetua. Dalam program pemuliaan tanaman, karakterisasi morfologi dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai calon tetua yang akan digunakan, selain itu dapat digunakan untuk membedakan antar tanaman aglaonema. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membuat deskripsi tanaman aglaonema secara morofologi dan menentukan hubungan kekerabatan antar tanaman berdasarkan koefisien similaritasnya, Penelitian dilakukan di kebun aglaonema Krokot Nursery, Sleman D.I Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini mengukan metode observasional deskriptif terhadap dua puluh lima jenis aglaonema berdasarkan panduan karakterisasi aglaonema dari International Union For The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Hasil pengamatan diubah menjadi data biner. Hubungan kekerabatan diketahui berdasarkan dendogram dengan software Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTYSYS) Spc 21. Berdasarkan data deskripsi tanaman aglaonema secara umum berdasarkan helai daunnya terbagi menjadi 3 kombinansi warna daun (kombinasi tunggal, dua warna dan tiga warna) yang tersebar di seluruh helai daun dengan warna tangkai merah, helai daun tidak berkilau, berbintil dan bergelombang. Profil penampang helai daun sedikit cekung dengan beberapa tulang daun dan posisi pelepah sejajar. Posisi bagian terluas menuju puncak sedangkan bentuk puncak dan bentuk alas tumpul. Pengelompokan 25 tanaman aglaonema pada dendogram menghasilkan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,82 dan terbagi menjadi 2 klaster (A dan B).

The development of a new variety of aglaonema plant requires proper parent which brings a suitable characteristic for market demand. The success of breeding program is determined by the relationship of the parent's material. The morphological characterization is commonly used to gain some information about the parents material. Furthermore, it is used to distinguish Aglaonema plant in a population. The purpose of this study was to make a description of twenty five aglaonema plants morphologically and determine their relationship based on the similarity coefficient. This study was carried out in the Krokot Nursery, Sleman D.I. Yogyakarta. The observation was directly made by looking at the morphological characteristic of twenty five aglaonema based on the guidelines of Aglaonema characterization from the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). Then, observational data were converted into binary data. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTYSYS) Spc 21 software were used as data analysis method and presented in dendrogram graph. Based on general descriptive data, aglaonema was divided into three types of color combinations (single color, two colors and three colors combinations). They had a red color stem, blotches and undulation of entire leaf margin, but did not have a glossiness. The profile in cross section type was slightly concaved with a few number of veins and the position of midrib type was equal. The position of the broadest part toward apex, the shape of apex, and the shape of the base type were obtuse. In the dendrogram graph, twenty five aglaonema were grouped into two clusters (A and B) with 0.82 similarity coefficient result.

Kata Kunci : Dendogram, Morfologi, Aglaonema, Kekerabatan/Dendrogram, Morphology, Aglaonema, Relationship