Alternatif Mekanisme Delimitasi Batas Laut Teritorial Indonesia-Timor Leste Berdasarkan United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea 1982

ANSELMUS PASILA GALLA, Prof. Dr. Agustinus Supriyanto, S.H. M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

INTISARI Alternatif Mekanisme Delimitasi Batas Laut Teritorial Indonesia-Timor Leste Berdasarkan United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea1982 Anselmus Pasila Galla, Prof. Dr. Agustinus Supriyanto. S.H., M.Si. Penulisan hukum ini bertujuan untuk memberikan preskripsi sekaligus penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai (1) konteks delimitasi wilayah laut teritorial Indonesia dan Timor Leste, (2) mekanisme delimitasi batas laut yang disediakan United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, dan (3) alternatif apa saja yang dapat digunakan para pihak dalam membentuk perjanjian batas laut antara Indonesia dan Timor Leste demi memenuhi prinsip equitable yang lebih optimal. Penelitian hukum ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai penelitian hukum dengan metode normatif, dengan menggunakan tiga pendekatan. Adapun sumber informasi penelitian yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan sumber informasi digunakan dengan menggunakan metode menarik asas-asas hukum, metode perbandingan hukum dan sejarah hukum. Penarikan kesimpulan dari data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode deduksi dan penalaran logika. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa dalam proses delimitasi batas laut teritorial, Pasal 15 UNCLOS menyediakan mekanisme delimitasi mulai dari perjanjian antar para pihak, garis median, dan pengecualian garis median berupa kondisi khusus dan historic title. Dalam kasus Indonesia dan Timor Leste, tidak ada perjanjian yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perjanjian delimitasi batas laut. Garis median dapat digunakan, selama para pihak tidak menemukan adanya alasan pengecualian yang cukup kuat untuk mengesampingkan garis median. Pasal 15 UNCLOS tidak mengatur secara eksplisit apa saja yang disebut sebagai kondisi khusus, dan historic title, namun dalam putusan peradilan internasional dan praktik negara kondisi khusus dapat berupa konfigurasi pantai, pulau-pulau kecil dan kepentingan navigasi/keamanan yang disamakan dengan kepentingan perikanan. Bagi Indonesia dan Timor Leste, kondisi yang dapat digunakan adalah konfigurasi pantai dan pulau kecil khususnya pulau Jaco. Historic title pun dapat diajukan untuk mempertahankan garis pangkal di wilayah utara Pulau Atauro, selama dapat membuktikan adanya garis tersebut untuk waktu yang lama dan adanya pengakuan dari negara lain. Kata Kunci: laut teritorial, UNCLOS, delimitasi, hukum laut internasional, perjanjian internasional.

ABSTRACT The Mechanism Alternatives for the Territorial Sea Border Delimitation between Indonesia and Timor-Leste under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 Anselmus Pasila Galla,3 Prof. Dr. Agustinus Supriyanto, S.H., M.Si.4 This research aims to provide a prescription and a comprehensive explanation regarding (1) the context of territorial sea delimitation between Indonesia and Timor-Leste, (2) the mechanisms for territorial border delimitation that is provided by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS), and (3) the possible alternatives which can be used by the parties in the construction of maritime border agreement to optimize the fulfilment of equitable principles. This research utilized a normative research methodology, where the analysis process is divided to three main approach: Data checking, data classification, and data analysis. The source of data for this research is constituted of primary and secondary data source. The technique for the data collection is done by data analysis, legal comparison, and legal history. the drafting of the conclusion is done by analysing the data source using the method of reasoning deduction. As the conclusion of this research, the writer found that in regards to the process of territorial sea border delimitation, Article 15 UNCLOS provided several mechanisms such as: binding agreement between the parties, median line, and the exception for the median line in the form of special circumstances and historic title. In the case of Indonesia and Timor-Leste, there are no existing agreements that can be regarded as the basis for maritime border delimitation agreement. The usage of median line is feasible, as long as the parties found no significant factor to except and disregard the usage of median line in the delimitation process. The Article 15 of UNCLOS does not explicitly regulate as to what are the factors that can be counted as special circumstances and historic title. Nevertheless, further explanation on such matter can be found in court decisions and nation practices. Based on those documents, the special circumstances included but not limited to coastal configuration, small islands and navigational channel/security matters and fishery interests. In the context of Indonesia and Timor-Leste, the circumstances which is possible to be regarded as special circumstances is the coastal configurations and small islands, specifically Jaco island. The claim of historic title is possible to be proposed by Indonesia to justify the archipelagic baseline resides in the north of Atauro island, as long as the proposal can prove the significant historical aspect of the line and the acquiescence by other states. Key Words: territorial sea, UNCLOS, delimitation, international maritime law, international agreement.

Kata Kunci : laut teritorial, UNCLOS, delimitasi, hukum laut internasional, perjanjian internasional./territorial sea, UNCLOS, delimitation, international maritime law, international agreement.