Ragam Solusi Terhadap Banjir Perkotaan Di Dunia (Kasus Beberapa Kota di Dunia)

NUR HALIJAH, Prof. Ir. Achmad Djunaedi, MURP., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Banjir merupakan suatu permasalahan yang sering melanda perkotaan di seluruh dunia termasuk juga perkotaan di Indonesia khususnya pada saat musim penghujan. Permasalahan banjir di perkotaan memberikan dampak bukan hanya kepada wilayah perkotaan tersebut, melainkan juga kepada wilayah yang lebih luas akibat terhambatnya banyak kegiatan. Sampai saat ini, telah banyak perkotaan di dunia yang bergerak mengatasinya dengan beragam solusi, baik solusi konvensional, hingga solusi modern yang berinovasi, sehingga berhasil bebas dari permasalahan banjir. Untuk itu, perumusan ragam solusi terhadap banjir perkotaan akan bermanfaat dalam proses penanganan banjir di Indonesia yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksploratif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik analisis isi melalui konten digital. 5 kota yang dijadikan unit amatan penelitian ini ditentukan berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan dan kriteria yaitu: kesetaraan kota, keragaman karakteristik dan topologi wilayah, jenis dan penyebab utama banjir, persebaran kota, serta ketersediaan data digital sebagai bahan utama dalam analisis. Analisis yang dilakukan terdiri dari 2 tahapan yaitu analisis keragaman solusi dan analisis kategori ragam solusi. Analisis keragaman dilakukan dengan identifikasi jenis solusi dan proses penanganan. Sedangkan analisis kategori solusi dilakukan berdasarkan pola dan cara kerja umum solusi. Ragam solusi terhadap banjir perkotaan di dunia berupa solusi penanganan yang serupa dengan konsep mitigasi (struktural dan non struktural) meliputi solusi non struktural (EWS, sosialisasi & edukasi, flood fighter, dan regulasi tata guna lahan), solusi structural spons (permeable pavement, seepage pits, dan rooftop farming), solusi struktural tanggul (tanggul dan watergates), solusi struktural kolam (river basins, underground storage, purpose storage, dam, dan system polder), dan solusi struktural kanal (river improvement, kanal air buatan, dan terowongan air atau tunnel).

Flood is one of the major issues in a lot of cities in the world especially Indonesia, mainly on rainy season. Flood does not only affect that certain cities but as well as the wider region as it detains activities. Nowadays, there has been so many cities in the entire world moving forward for several solutions, either conventional solutions to innovating modern solution, to be relieve the flooding. Therefore formulating variety of solutions to urban flooding will be a better use on the process of overseeing floods in Indonesia. This research is using exploratory research method and a qualitative approach and this content analysis technique through digital contents. Five cities used as the unit of observation in this research is determined by several considerations and criteria, which is as follows: city equity, variety characteristics and region topology, type and the major causes of flood, city distribution, availability on digital data as the main object in the analysis. Analysis carried out was classified into two steps which are solution variance analysis and solution variance category analysis. Solutions variance were carried out by identifying types of solutions and overseeing process. While the solution category was carried out by patterns and the general principle of solution. Solution variance to urban flooding in the world is the form of overseeing solution which is similar to mitigation concept (structural and non-structural) that covers non-structural solution (EWS, socialization and education, flood fighter, land use regulation), sponge structural solution (permeable pavement, seepage pits, and rooftop farming), embankment structural solutions (embankment and watergates) basin structural solution (river basins, underground storage, purpose storage, dam, and polder system), and canal structural solution (river improvement, artificial water canal, and tunnel).

Kata Kunci : Urban Flooding, Solutions, Mitigation, Variance, Category