The Flouting of the Gricean Maxims by Male and Female Characters in the TV Series Broadchurch

Andrian Yonathan Damanik, Dra. Sharifah Hanidar, M.Ed.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA INGGRIS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pelanggaran (flouting) maksim-maksim dari prinsip kerjasama dalam serial TV Inggris Broadchurch. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menganalisa kecenderungan penggunaan strategi retorik dan beberapa strategi lain dalam pelanggaran maksim-maksim kerjasama oleh karakter lak-laki dan perempuan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah ucapan-ucapan yang melanggar maksim-maksim prinsip kerjasama yang ditemukan dari 8 episode di musim pertama. Data dianalisa menggunakan teori Prinsip Kerjasama oleh Paul Grice (1975). Sedangkan, analisa mengenai penggunaan strategi menggunakan teori Joan Cutting. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 97 kasus pelanggaran maksim prinsip kerjasama. Karakter-karakter dalam Broadchurch paling banyak melanggar maksim hubungan dengan jumlah 43 kejadian (44.32%) diikuti dengan pelanggaran maksim kuantitas sebanyak 21 kejadian (21.64%), pelanggaran maksim cara sebanyak 20 kejadian (20.61%) dan pelanggaran maksim kualitas sebanyak 13 kejadian (13,40%). Secara spesifik, dalam melanggar maksim kualitas, sarkasme adalah startegi retorik yang paling sering digunakan (8.24%). Sedangkan, dalam pelanggaran maksim kuantitas, pemberian informasi yang berlebihan adalah strategi yang paling sering digunakan (16.49%). Selain itu, hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa dalam melanggar maksim prinsip kerjasama, karakter laki-laki cenderung menggunakan pernyataan yang tidak relevan (irrelevant statement) sebagai strategi dengan jumlah 33 kejadian (34.02%) sedangkan karakter perempuan cenderung menggunakan tuturan yang tidak jelas (obscure expression) dengan jumlah 15 kejadian (15.46%). Peneliti beranggapan bahwa tujuan dari pelanggaran maksim yang dilakukan karakter perempuan dan laki-laki adalah karena mereka tidak ingin terlibat dalam kasus pembunuhan Danny.

This research focuses on examining the flouting of the maxims of Cooperative Principle in British TV Series Broadchurch. It also aims to investigate the tendency of the use of rhetorical strategies and other types of strategies used in flouting the maxims of Cooperative Principle by male and female characters in the series. The data of the research are taken from the utterances that flout the maxims of Cooperative Principle. The researcher uses Season I of the series, consisting of 8 episodes. The data were analyzed by applying Grice's theory on Cooperative Principle (1975). Meanwhile, the analysis of the rhetorical strategies and other types of strategies used were discussed by applying Joan Cutting's theory. It was found that there are 97 cases of flouting the maxim of Cooperative Principle. The results show that the characters flout the maxim of relation the most with 43 occurrences (44.32%) followed by the maxim of quantity with 21 occurrences (21.64%), maxim of manner with 20 occurrences (20.61%) and maxim of quality with 13 occurrences (13.40%). Specifically, in flouting the maxim of quality, sarcasm is the rhetorical strategy that is the most frequently used (8.24%). Meanwhile, in flouting the maxim of quantity, too much information is the strategy that is the most frequently used (16.49%). It also shows that in flouting the maxims, male characters tend to use irrelevant statement as the strategy with 33 occurrences (34.02%) whereas female characters tend to use obscure expression as the strategy with 15 occurrences (15.46%). The researcher assumes that both male and female characters have an intention to flout the maxims of Cooperative Principle because they do not want to get involved in Danny's murder case and asked further questions in the interrogation.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: Prinsip Kerjasama, maksim, pelanggaran (flout), tuturan, strategi