Hubungan Patron Klien Nelayan Kapal Sekoci di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Pondok Dadap Kabupaten Malang

Riya Nora Alfiah, Ir. Hery Saksono, M.A.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang organisasi kerja dan mengetahui hubungan patron klien pada nelayan kapal sekoci di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Pondok Dadap, Kabupaten Malang. Pemilihan responden menggunakan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan kuesioner terbuka, serta wawancara mendalam. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organisasi kerja nelayan sekoci terdiri atas pengambak, Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD), pemilik kapal, juragan laut, anak buah kapal (ABK), pengisi, manol, penguras, dan belantik, dan pengusaha. Hubungan patron klien ada tiga hubungan, yaitu pengambak - pemilik kapal, pemilik kapal - juragan laut, dan juragan laut - ABK. Hubungan pertama, pengambak menyediakan biaya investasi, biaya operasional, dan biaya perawatan kapal kepada pemilik kapal, sedangkan pemilik kapal menyerahkan hasil tangkapan kepada pengambak. Hubungan kedua, pemilik kapal menyediakan armada penangkapan, sedangkan juragan laut bersedia memimpin operasi penangkapan ikan. Hubungan ketiga, juragan laut mengemudikan kapal dan memberi arahan kerja kepada ABK saat di laut, sedangkan ABK mengerahkan tenaga dalam operasi penangkapan. Hubungan patron klien juga melibatkan hubungan emosional, dalam bentuk kepercayaan patron kepada klien dan kesetiaan klien kepada patron. Peneliti menganggap bahwa hubungan cenderung mengeksploitasi klien. Akan tetapi, dalam perspektif klien tidak demikian, sebab patron dianggap berjasa dalam menjamin keamanan subsistensinya.

This study aims to obtain an overview of the work organization and find out the patron client relationship on the sekoci in coastal fishery port (PPP) Pondok Dadap, Sendang Biru, Malang Regency. Respondents were selected by using snowball sampling method. The data were collected through observation and interview using open-ended questionnaires, and also in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed by using qualitative descriptive methods. Results showed that the organization of sekoci fishing business consisted of pengambak, village cooperatives (KUD), ship owners, marine bosses, crew (ABK), fillers, manol, drains and beauticians, and entrepreneurs. There were three of patron client relationships, namely pengambak - shipowners, ship owner - marine bosses, and marine bosses - crew (ABK). First, the pengambak provided capital investment costs, operational costs and ship maintenance costs needed by the ship owner while the ship owner hand over their catch to the pengambak. Second, ship owners provided fishing vessels while marine bosses are willing to lead fishing operations. Third, the marine bosses drove ships and give thoroughly direction to crew (ABK) work while at sea while crew (ABK) provided physical forces in fishing operations. The patron client relationship also involved emotional relationships that were indicated by a patron's sense of trust in the client and the client's loyalty to the patron. Patron client relationship was perceived tend to exploited the client. However, it was not corresponding with the perspective of clients because patrons have guaranteed the subsistence security of clients.

Kata Kunci : patron client relationship, sekoci fishermen, Malang Regency.