Anti Photoaging Activites of Polysaccharide Extract from Sargassum cf. hystrix on the Skin Histological Structure of Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

BETSRI CHRITJE MANUSIWA, Zuliyati Rohmah, M.Si., Ph.D ; Lisna Hidayati, S.S., M. Biotech. ; Drs. Ignatius Sudaryadi, M. Kes

2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Photoaging merupakan akumulasi kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh paparan sinar matahari yang berlebihan, sehingga menyebabkan penuaan dini pada kulit. Beberapa algae diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dan dapat mengurangi kerusakan pada kulit yang terpapar sinar matahari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari efek crude polisakarida yang diekstraksi dari Sargassum cf. hystrix sebagai agen anti-penuaan pada kulit tikus. Sampel diperoleh dari pantai Drini (Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta). Ekstrasi polisakarida dari Sargassum cf. hystrix (SPE) dicampur dengan petroleum jeli pada konsentrasi 1 %, 10 % dan 50 %. Terdapat lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu S yang tidak diiradiasi UVB dan perlakuan SPE, Cplus (diiradiasi UVB, petroleum jeli), Cmin (hanya diiradiasi UVB), T1 (diiradiasi UVB, 1% SPE), T2 (diiradisasi UVB, 10 % SPE), dan T3 (diiradiasi UVB, 50 % SPE). Gel SPE diaplikasikan pada permukaan kulit tikus yang telah dicukur 45 menit sebelum iradiasi UVB. Iradiasi UVB dilakukan selama 30 menit. Perlakuan iradiasi UVB dilakukan selama 2 minggu, kemudian dihentikan pada hari ke 15. Di hari ke 16, tikus dieutanasi dan dibedah untuk analisis histologis. Preparat histologi kulit tikus dibuat dengan menggunakan metode parafin, pewarnaan Hematoxylin Eosin dan Mallory Acid Fuchsin. Parameter histologis seperti ketebalan dermis, ketebalan epidermis, dan serat kolagen diukur dengan Image J. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Cplus dan Cmin (sebagai kontrol positif dan negatif yang tidak diaplikasikan gel SPE) mengalami photoaging yang ditandai oleh penebalan pada dermis dan diameter kolagen dibandingkan dengan T1, T2, T3 dan S. Selain itu, perubahan histopatologis menunjukan pembesaran kelenjar sebasea pada Cplus dan Cmin serta disorganisasi kolagen. T1, T2, dan T3 menunjukkan minimnya dampak dari iradiasi UVB tergantung dosis. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa SPE memiliki aktivitas anti-photoaging terhadap UVB.

Photoaging is the accumulation of damage due to light exposure which causes premature aging in the skin. Some algae are known to contain bioactive compound that has high antioxidant activities and able to alleviate photo damage on skin. In this research, we investigated the effect of crude polysaccharide extracted from Sargassum cf. hystrix as an anti-photoaging agent in the rat skin. The algae were collected from Drini beach (Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta). The Sargassum cf. hystrix polysaccharide extract (SPE) was mixed with petroleum jelly in concentration of 1 %, 10 % and 50 % (w/w). There were five treatment groups, which were group S which is not irradiated with UVB and no SPE treatment, group Cplus (UVB irradiated, petroleum jelly), group Cmin (UVB irradiated, no gel applied), group T1 (UVB irradiated, 1 % SPE), group T2 (UVB irradiated, 10 % SPE), and group T3 (UVB irradiated, 50 % SPE). The SPE gel were applied topically on clean shaved rats back 45 min before UVB irradiation for 30 min. The treatment was carried out for 2 consecutive weeks. The treatment was stop at day 15th. By day 16th, the rats were euthanized and then skin tissue were excised for histological analysis. The skins were processed with paraffin method with Hematoxylin Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin staining. Epidermis and Dermis thickness, collagen fibres diameter were measured with Image J. The result revealed that group Cplus and Cmin (as the positive and negative control which were not applied with SPE gel) has suffered of photoaging damaged (decreasing of dermis thickness and collagen fibres diameter) compare to those of T1, T2, T3, and S. Moreover, histopathological changes showed in Cplus and Cmin, such as sebaceous enlargement and collagen disorganization. T1, T2, and T3 showed a minimized effect of UVB irradiation in dose dependent manner. This indicated SPE has anti photoaging activity against UVB irradiation.

Kata Kunci : Sargassum cf. hystrix, collagen degradation, photoaging, polysaccharide extract, UVB irradiation