Profil Leukosit dan Trombosit Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) dengan Induksi 7,12-Dimethylbenz[alfa]anthracene dan Paparan Medan Listrik Statis

Puji Nurani, Laksmindra Fitria, S.Si., M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang bersifat invasif dan menjadi penyebab kematian utama pada wanita. Berbagai metode telah dikembangkan untuk penanganan kanker payudara. Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) merupakan alat terapi kanker baru yang bekerja berdasarkan prinsip medan listrik statis pada frekuensi menengah dan intensitas rendah untuk menghambat proliferasi sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya efek negatif paparan medan listrik statis frekuensi 150 kHz dan intensitas 18 Vpp pada profil leukosit dan trombosit tikus model kanker payudara. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini disetujui oleh Komite Etika Hewan LPPT-UGM. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi kelompok untreated, Noninduksi-Nonterapi, Non Induksi-Terapi, Induksi-Nonterapi, dan Induksi-Terapi. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[alfa]anthracene (DMBA) diberikan secara oral dengan dosis 20 mg/kgbb 10x selama 5 minggu untuk menginduksi kanker payudara. Terapi menggunakan ECCT dimulai setelah ukuran nodul sekitar 1 cm, dilakukan selama 21 hari berturut-turut dengan total paparan 10 jam per hari. Koleksi darah dilakukan melalui sinus orbitalis, pascainduksi dan pascaterapi. Variabel yang dievaluasi untuk profil leukosit adalah jumlah leukosit total, persentase limfosit, persentase neutrofil, dan rasio N/L. Variabel untuk profil trombosit meliputi jumlah trombosit, PDW, MPV, dan PCT. Data dianalisis secara statistik berdasarkan uji t-Test (alfa=0,05) dan ANOVA diikuti dengan uji Duncan (alfa=0,05) atau Kruskal-Wallis diikuti dengan uji U-Mann Whitney (alfa=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah leukosit total meningkat secara signifikan setelah perlakuan induksi DMBA dan terapi medan listrik, namun tidak berpengaruh pada persentase neutrofil, limfosit dan rasio N/L. Jumlah trombosit dan PCT menurun sedangkan nilai PDW dan MPV naik signifikan. Secara umum nilai parameter leukosit maupun trombosit masih dalam kisaran normal. Hal ini dapat disimpulakan bahwa perlakuan terapi medan listrik frekuensi menengah intensitas rendah pada tikus yang diinduksi DMBA aman untuk profil leukosit dan trombosit.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women which is invasive and often lead to death. Various methods are developed to treat breast cancer. Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel cancer treatment that works based on noncontact static electric fields at medium frequency and low intensity to inhibit tumor cells proliferation. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of static electric fields at frequency of 150 kHz and intensity of 18 Vpp on WBC and platelets profiles in rat model of breast cancer. Procedures in this research were approved by Animal Ethical Committee of LPPT-UGM. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups i.e. untreated, noninduction-nontherapy, noninduction-therapy, induction-nontherapy and induction-therapy. The 7,12-Dimethylbenz[alfa]anthracene (DMBA) was administered orally at dose of 20 mg/kg bw 10 times for 5 weeks to induce breast cancer. Therapy using ECCT was started after the nodule was about 1 cm long, conducted for 21 days consecutively for 10 hours/day. Blood samples were collected from orbital sinus at post-induction and post-therapy for routine complete blood count using hematology analyzer. Variables evaluated for WBC profile were total WBC count, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, and N/L. Variables for platelets profile were total platelet count, PCT, PDW, and MPV. Data were analyzed statistically based on t-Test (alfa=0,05) and ANOVA followed with Duncan Test (alfa=0.05) or Kruskal-Wallis followed with Mann-Whitney U-Test (alfa=0.05). Results demonstrated that most of variable values were in reference range with no significant differences among groups, both at post-induction and post-therapy. WBC was increased significantly and PDW, MPV, PCT were decresed significantly. It can be concluded that noncontact static electric fields at medium frequency and low intensity therapy in rat model of DMBA-induced breast cancer are relatively safe for WBC and platelets.

Kata Kunci : medan listrik statis, DMBA, kanker payudara, leukosit, trombosit / static electric fields, DMBA, breast cancer, WBC, platelets