Komparasi Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Tani Cabai Polikultur di Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang

Hilda Rizki Amelia, Ir. Any Surayntini, M.M., Ph.D.; Arini Wahyu Utami, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 EKONOMI PERTANIAN DAN AGRIBISNIS

Penelitian ini membandingkan rumah tangga tani dominan cabai dan non dominan cabai dalam hal keragaman sumber pendapatan, kontribusi pendapatan pertanian ketimpangan pendapatan, kondisi kemiskinan dan strategi pengentasan kemiskinan pada rumah tangga tani cabai polikultur di Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Magelang. Metode analisis penelitian ini adalah analisis distribusi pendapatan untuk mengetahui keragaman sumber pendapatan, kontribusi pendapatan usahatani cabai pada pendapatan rumah tangga. Ketimpangan pendapatan rumah tangga cabai polikultur dianalisis dengan 4 metode, yaitu Koefisien Gini, Dekomposisi Koefisien Gini, kategori ketimpangan World Bank dan Kurva Lorenz. Kemiskinan rumah tangga dikategorikan berdasar ketentuan BPS, Sayogyo, FAO, ADB dan World Bank. Kondisi kemiskinan diketahui dengan indeks FGT dan strategi pengentasan kemiskinan rumah tangga tani didasarkan pada Sustainable Livelihood Pentangle. Hasil menunjukkan pendapatan rumah tangga cabai polikultur berasal dari sumber beragam, yaitu usahatani cabai polikultur, non cabai polikultur dan luar usahatani. Kontribusi pendapatan terbesar berasal dari pendapatan luar usahatani sedangkan pendapatan usahatani cabai polikultur berkontribusi terendah. Ketimpangan pendapatan rumah tangga cabai polikultur tergolong sedang ditunjukkan pada ketimpangan pendapatan intra dan inter sumber pendapatan. Kondisi kemiskinan rumah tangga tani cabai lebih miskin dibandingkan dengan non dominan cabai, keduanya memiliki tingkat kemiskinan yang rendah. Strategi pengentasan kemiskinan rumah tangga tani menggunakan human capital, financial capital dan social capital.

This research aims to understand the diversity of income source, farm income contribution, income inequality, poverty condition and poverty alleviation strategies in chili polyculture household in Dukun Sub-District, Magelang Regency. This paper is comparing between farm household which cultivate chili predominant and non-chili predominant. The analytical methods to describe the diversity of income source are descriptive table of income source. Farm income contribution is also used to calculate the contribution of chili polyculture farm income. There are 4 methods to analyyze Income Inequality, which are Gini Coefficient, Decomposition of Gini Coefficient, World Bank inequality category and Lorenz Curve. The level of household poverty is categorized according to BPS, Sayogyo, FAO, ADB and World Bank. Poverty condition is examined by FGT index; meanwhile mapping of poverty alleviation strategy of farm household is based on Sustainable Livelihood Pentangle. The income source of chili polyculture farm households are diverse; their sources are on-farm, off-farm and non-farm income. It is found that the biggest contribution of income is non-farm income and the lowest is on-farm income. Inequality of household income is in low-medium level that is shown within and between group income inequality. Poverty condition of chili predominant households are poorer than those non-predominant chili; both are low severity of poverty. The poverty alleviation strategies of farm households are implementing human, financial and social capital.

Kata Kunci : farm household income, income contribution, inequality, poverty