Isolasi Aktinomisetes Anti-Fusarium oxysporum FU3 dari Tanah Kebun Cabai Desa Bugel, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta

LIYA AUDINAH, Dr. Miftahul Ilmi, M.Si

2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Cabai merupakan tanaman bernilai ekonomis. Penanganan penyakit layu fusarium pada cabai akibat Fusarium oxysporum perlu dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengisolasi aktinomisetes anti-Fusarium oxysporum FU3 sebagai biokontrol dari tanah perkebunan cabai di desa Kulon Progo,Yogyakarta. Metode terdiri dari skrinning aktinomisetes dalam SCA, skrinning aktinomisetes anti-Fusarium oxysporum FU3 dalam PDA, produksi filtrat isolat potensial dan pengujian antagonisnya dalam PDA dan PDB. Kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi pada isolat potensial. Penelitian ini berhasil mengisolasi empat isolat aktinomistes anti-Fusarium oxysporum FU3 yaitu AK4, AK5, AK7, dan AK9. Pada uji antagonisme di media PDA, penghambatan yang ditunjukkan masing-masing isolat yaitu AK4 0,64 +- 5,1 (%), AK5 47,8 +- 2,96 (%), AK7 24,79 +- 15,9 (%) dan AK9 27,19 +- 2,9 (%). AK5 menunjukkan penghambatan terbaik. Penghambatan oleh isolat AK5 di PDA yaitu 47,81 +- 2,96%,, filtrat AK5 di PDA yaitu 41,71 +- 3,5 (%) dan di PDB yaitu 81,77 +- 5,1 (%) pada konsentrasi filtrat 5%vol. Konsentrasi filtrat dapat ditingkatkan untuk memperoleh efek fungisidal. AK5 pada uji antagonis menyebabkan hifa abnormal dan lisis. Adapun karakter AK5 yaitu memiliki warna miselium udara putih, warna miselium vegetatif krem, pigmentasi kecoklatan bentuk koloni circular, margin undulate, elevasi low convex, tipe spora Rectiflexibiles, gram positif dan katalase positif.

Chili is an economically valuable plant. The Handling of fusarium wilt in chili due to Fusarium oxysporum needs to be developed. The research aims to isolate actinomycetes antagonist Fusarium oxysporum FU3 as biocontrol from soil of chili plantation in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The method consisted of screening actinomycetes in SCA, screening anti-Fusarium oxysporum FU3 actinomycetes in PDA, production of potential isolate filtrate and antagonistic test on PDA and PDB. Potential isolate was characterized. There were four isolates of actinomycetes antagonist Fusarium oxysporum FU3. They were AK4, AK5, AK7, and AK9. Based on the antagonism test on PDA, the inhibition AK4 was 0,64 +- 5,1 (%), AK5 was 47.81 +- 2,96 (%), AK7 was 24.79 +- 15,9 (%), and AK9 was 29.17 +- 2,9 (%). AK5 showed the highest inhibition. The filtrate of AK5 was tested for antagonism on PDA and PDB. Inhibition on PDA showed 41.71 +- 3,5 (%). and PDB was 81.77 +- 5,1 (%) at the filtrate concentration of 5%vol. The filtrate concentration can be increased to obtain a fungicidal effect. AK5 on the antagonist test caused abnormal hyphae and lysis. Characters of AK5 were color of air mycelium was white, the color of the vegetative mycelium was cream, the pigmentation was brownis, the shape was circular, margins was undulate, the elevation was low convex, the spores type was Rectiflexibiles, gram-positive and positive catalase.

Kata Kunci : Aktinomisetes, Antagonis, Fusarium oxysporum FU3