Ekspresi Protein PCNA dan Caspase-3 pada Jaringan Tumor Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) setelah Pemaparan Medan Listrik Statis Frekuensi Menengah

Lalu Gunawan Fadliansyah, Dra. Rarastoeti Pratiwi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Kanker payudara adalah tumor ganas yang paling sering didiagnosis pada wanita dan merupakan penyebab kematian utama kedua di dunia pada wanita. Sampai saat ini, terdapat berbagai metode yang telah dikembangkan untuk menghentikan pertumbuhan tumor payudara. Namun, model pengobatan tersebut masih memiliki beberapa efek samping, sehingga menuntut dikembangkannya model pengobatan yang efektif namun memiliki resiko efek samping yang rendah. Di Indonesia saat ini sedang dikembangkan penelitian terapi tumor dengan medan listrik berfrekuensi menengah menggunakan alat yang disebut Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT). Alat ECCT sedang dalam masa pengembangan, sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian pra-klinis menggunakan hewan model. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh terapi medan listrik terhadap aktivitas proliferasi sel tumor melalui ekspresi protein PCNA dan aktivitas apoptosis sel tumor melalui ekspresi protein caspase-3 pada jaringan tikus Rattus norvegicus galur Sprague Dawley yang mengalami tumor payudara akibat diinduksi dengan 7,12-Dhimethylbenz[Alpha]anthracene (DMBA). Tikus percobaan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok Non Induksi - Non Terapi (NINT), Non Induksi - Terapi (NIT), Induksi - Non Terapi (INT), dan Induksi - Terapi (IT). Jaringan tumor dikoleksi melalui pembedahan kemudian dibuat preparat Histologis dengan metode parafin. Selanjutnya kelompok NINT dan NIT dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk mengamati pengaruh terapi medan listrik terhadap jaringan payudara normal dan mengamati karakteristik Mitotic-Apoptotic Figure, sedangkan kelompok INT dan IT dilakukan pewarnaan Immunohistochemistry (IHC) menggunakan anti-PCNA dan anti-caspase-3 untuk mengamati aktivitas proliferasi dan apoptosis sel tumor. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa terapi medan listrik statis bersifat aman atau tidak mempengaruhi jaringan payudara normal, mampu menekan laju ekspresi PCNA hingga 16,53% serta meningkatkan laju ekspresi caspase-3 sebesar 4,75%.

Breast cancer is the most malignant tumor commonly diagnosed cancer in women and its the second leading cause of women death in the world. Until now, there are various methods that have been developed to stop the growth of breast cancer. however, these treatment models still have some side effects which require the development of effective therapeutic models but have a low risk of side effects. In Indonesia, research is currently being developed on middle frequency electric field tumor therapy using a device called Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT). The ECCT tool is under development so pre-clinical studies are needed using animal models. This study is expected to be able to examine the effect of electric field therapy on tumor cell proliferation activity through expression of PCNA protein and apoptotic activity of tumor cells through expression of caspase-3 protein in the tissues of Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague Dawley that have breast tumors induced by 7.12 -Dhimethylbenz [Alpha] anthracene (DMBA). The experimental rats were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely the Non Induction Non Therapy group (NINT), the Non Induction - Therapy group (NIT), the Induction - Non Therapy group (INT), and the Induction - Therapy group (IT). The tumor tissue was collected by surgically and then made Histology preparations with paraffin method. Furthermore, the NINT and NIT groups was performed by Hematoxilin-Eosin staining to observe the effect of electric field therapy on normal breast tissue and observe the characteristics of Mitotic-Apoptotic Figure, while the INT and IT groups was performed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using anti-PCNA and anti-caspase-3 to observe proliferative and apoptotic activity of tumors. From this study it was found that static electric field therapy was safe or did not affect normal breast tissue, was able to suppress the rate of PCNA expression up to 16.53% and increase the caspase-3 expression rate by 4.75%.

Kata Kunci : tumor payudara tikus, medan listrik, IHC, PCNA, caspase-3 / mouse breast tumor, electric field, IHC, PCNA, caspase-3