UKURAN SALURAN PENCERNAAN DAN ORGAN AKSESORI AYAM KAMPUNG PADA PEMELIHARAAN DENGAN MATERIAL LITTER BERBEDA

SOFYAN ABU HASAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Harimurti, SU. ; drh. Bambang Ariyadi, MP.,Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ukuran saluran dan organ pencernaan, serta organ aksesori pada sistem pencernaan ayam kampung yang dipelihara dengan material litter berbeda. Ayam Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) umur 1 hari sebanyak 108 ekor unsexed ditempatkan secara acak lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) kedalam satu perlakuan yang terdiri dari tiga kelompok material litter berbeda, yaitu sekam, serutan kayu, dan gilingan tongkol jagung, dengan masing � masing ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi berat badan akhir (g/ekor), berat relatif (%) dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan (cm/kg), organ pencernaan, serta organ aksesori pada sistem pencernaan. Pengukuran berat relatif meliputi saluran pencernaan, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, usus halus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca, usus besar, dan organ aksesori. Organ aksesori terdiri dari hati, kantung empedu, dan pancreas. Pengukuran panjang relatif meliputi usus halus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca, dan usus besar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan�s New Multiple Range Test menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material litter yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap berat relatif (%) saluran dan organ pencernaan, serta organ aksesori, kecuali proventriculus dan caeca (P<0,05). Material litter tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang relatif (cm/kg) saluran pencernaan, usus halus, duodenum, ileum, caeca, dan usus besar, namun berpengaruh terhadap jejunum (P<0,05). Berat relatif proventriculus tertinggi terdapat pada ayam yang diberi litter serutan kayu dan yang terendah pada tongkol jagung. Berat relatif caeca tertinggi terdapat pada ayam yang diberi litter serutan kayu. Tidak terdapat perbedaan berat caeca antara ayam yang diberi litter sekam dan tongkol jagung. Panjang relatif jejunum tertinggi terdapat pada ayam yang diberi litter sekam. Tidak terdapat perbedaan panjang relatif jejunum antara ayam yang diberi litter serutan kayu dan tongkol jagung.

This research was aimed to study the size of the digestive tract, digestive organ, and accessory organ of the digestive system of native chicken reared under different litter material. One day old Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) chicken aged one day as many as 108 unsexed birds were randomly placed (Completely Randomized Design) into a treatment that consists of three groups of different materials litter, that rice hulls, wood shavings, and corn cobs, with each repeated three times. Data collected include final body weight (g/birds), the relative weight (%) and the relative length of the gastrointestinal tract (cm/kg), digestive organ, and accessory organ of the digestive system. Measurement of the relative weight includes the gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca, large intestine, and accessory organs. Accessory organs consisting of liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Measurements of the relative length include the small intestine, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca, and large intestine. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test using the SPSS software version 16.0. The results showed that different litter material did not affect the relative weight (%) of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive organs, as well as accessory organs, except proventriculus and caeca (P <0.05). Litter material has no effect on the relative length (cm/kg) of the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine, duodenum, ileum, caeca, and large intestine, but it affects the jejunal relative length (P <0,05). The highest relative weight proventriculus found in chickens reared on the litter of wood shavings and the lowest on corn cobs. The highest relative weight of caeca found in chickens reared on the litter of wood shavings. There was no difference in the relative weight of caeca between chickens reared on the litter of rice hulls and corn cobs The highest relative jejunal length found in chicken reared on the liter of rice hulls. There was no difference in the relative length of jejunum between chickens reared on the litter of wood shavings and corn cobs

Kata Kunci : Native chicken, Digestive organ, Accessory organ, Litter