Studi Pemikiran Politik Margaret Thatcher tentang Kebijakan Ekonomi Politik Inggris: The Sale of an Existing State-Owned Enterprise

Amalia Dita Justiciasari, Dra. Ratnawati, S.U.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN

Penelitian ini fokus mengkajibagaimana pemikiran politik Margaret Thatcher tentang kebijakan ekonomi politik Selling of an Existing State-Owned Enterprise.Dengan menggunakan teori Sosiologi Pengetahuan menemukan bahwa pemikiran Thatcher tidak terlepas dari konteks sosial politik yang melatarbelakanginya. Pengetahuan yang didapatnya bersifat subyektif membuat pandangan lainnya bersifat utopis. Disertai dengan teori State Divestiture, pemikiran politik tentang privatisasi Thatcher dapat diartikan sebagai kritik dan serangan terhadap rezim sosialisme Partai Buruh yang sarat kepentingan Serikat Buruh. Melalui teori inipun menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan privatisasi didasari oleh argumen ideologis dan alasan pragmatis.Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif naratif akan memaparkan bahwa latar belakang keluarga dan faktor tempat tinggal, budaya liberal dan logika pasar telah melekat padanya sejak kecil turut mendorong pemikirannya terkait Kebijakan Thatcherisme. Konstruksi pemikiran Anti Kiri senantiasa berkembang selama pengalaman perjalanan hidupnya dilihat dari pengumpulan data di berbagai literatur yaitu autobiografi Thatcher dan literatur pendukung lainnya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran politik privatisasi Thatcher sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa aspek. Pertama, lingkungan sekitar yang membantunya memaknai pemikiran sosialisme didukung dengan literatur-literatur kanan yang pernah ia baca sehari-hari. Ia mendapat inspirasi dari 2 gurunya yaitu Friedrich Hayek dan Milton Friedman yang mengamini pasar bebas. Kemudian Enoch Powell memberi "wejangan" agar tidak berkonsensus dengan siapapun dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan privatisasi secara radikal jika ingin mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal sehingga menimbulkan kontroversi. Kedua, kondisi sosial politik Inggris yang mendorongnya mengeluarkan kebijakan privatisasi. Pada implementasinya kebijakan privatisasi ini berhasil menyelamatkan ekonomi Inggris dari inflasi dan berbagai industri berhasil terjual melalui segala dinamika politis di dalamnya. Kelancaran dalam pelaksanaannya tidak membuat gagasan kebijakan ini bebas perdebatan di aras elit maupun akar rumput. Terkikisnya ide Thatcher pada privatisasi justru membuat relevansinya tinggi dan berlaku hingga sekarang.

This study focuses on examining Margaret Thatcher's political thoughts on selling of existing state-owned enterprise policy. Using the Sociology of Knowledge theory finds out that socio-political context predispose on how Thatcher constructed her thoughts. She perceived knowledge subjectively, therefore other views are somewhat utopian and unacceptable. Her thought presence as a criticism on socialism regime which held by Labor Party and laden of Labor Union's interest. The implementation of privatisation itself was based on ideological arguments and pragmatical reasons. These arguments was shown by using State Divestiture theory. By the narrative-qualitative research method, it will be described that family background along with residential political environment, liberal culture and market logic have been attached to her since childhood. This Anti-Leftist thinking construction has always evolved during her life journey experience, seen from data collection in various literatures namely Thatcher's autobiography and other supporting literature. The results of this study indicate that Thatcher's privatization political thoughts was strongly influenced by several aspects. First, the surrounding environment that inderectly bolster her on understanding socialism ideas by her daily reads, either liberal or neoliberal literatures. Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman was her inspiration teachers. Then, Enoch Powell gave "advice" about not to have political consensus with anyone and privatization policy implementation should be radically done if she wanted a maximum results. However, it was a controversial action of her. Secondly,the British social and political condition themselves did encourage her to issue this policy. In this implementation, the privatisation policy was a true savior for British economy from inflation and various industries were sold through all the political dynamics in it. This fluency didn't make this policy's main idea separable from debates. Both at the elite and grassroot level. Instead of labelled as irrelevant, the erosion of Thatcher's idea of privatisation actually made its relevance and is valid until present.

Kata Kunci : Margaret Thatcher, neoliberalisme, pasar bebas, privatisasi, Thatcherism