Aktivitas Perekonomian Jepang di Surabaya 1902-1942

SALSABILA LUQYANA, Dr. Abdul Wahid, M. Hum., M.Phil.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 SEJARAH

Ekspansi perekonomian Jepang di Hindia Belanda menjadi salah satu faktor keruntuhan kolonialisasi Belanda di Indonesia. Melalui Gerakan Laut Selatan (Nanyo Kyokai) sejak awal abad ke-20, Pemerintah Jepang mendorong pengusaha-pengusaha Jepang meningkatkan perekonomian mereka di daerah selatan. Pada tahun 1900an, Asosiasi Orang-Orang Jepan (Nihonjinkai) terbentuk, dan memberi bantuan kepada orang-orang Jepang. Disaat yang sama, pedagang-pedagang Jepang mulai membangun Toko Jepang dan perusahaan-perusahaan swasta kecil. Pada tahun 1920an, zaibatsu dan perusahaan pelayaran Jepang masuk ke ke Hindia Belanda dan membuka kantor cabangnya. Hal ini membawa Jepang sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi yang kuat di Hindia Belanda. Terbentuknya Asosiasi Perdagangan Jepang di Surabaya pada tahun 1924, memberikan pengaruh pada pedagang dan pebisnis Jepang di Hindia Belanda untuk mempererat hubungan perdagangan di antara mereka. Demikian pula, sebagai wadah mereka untuk berbagi informasi mengenai perekonomian di Hindia Belanda. Sejak awal, pedagang Jepang sudah menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan pedagang Eropa, Pribumi, Tionghoa dan Timur Asing lainnya. Tetapi, sepanjang abad ke-20, hubungan tersebut menjadi ancaman pula bagi Jepang dengan adanya pemboikotan barang-barang Jepang. Perekonomian Jepang di Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1920an menjadi awal pergerakan perekonomian Jepang melalui campur tangan militer yang memberi dampak pada hubungan ekonomi dan diplomatis antara Jepang dan Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1930an.

Japan's economic expansion in the Dutch East Indies was one of the factors in the collapsed of the Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. Through the South Sea Movement (Nanyo Kyokai) in the 20th century, the Japanese Government encouraged Japanese entrepreneurs to improve their economics activities in the southeast countries. In 1900s, Japanese Association (Nihonjinkai) formed and supported the Japanese people. At the same time, the Japanese traders start to establish of Japanese peddler (Toko Jepang), and small private companies. Also in 1920s, the Japanese conglomerate (zaibatsu) and the Japanese shipping companies came to the Dutch East Indies, and opened their branch office. This growth of their economic activities, later brought Japan to be one of the strong economic actors in the Dutch East Indies. The establishment of the Japan Trade Association in Surabaya 1924, influenced Japanese merchants and businessmen in the Dutch East Indies to straighten their trade relations between them. Also, as a place for them to share information about economic activities in Indies. Since the beginning, Japanese traders in Dutch East Indies was build economic relations with European, Indigenous, Chinese, and Foreign East Traders. But, throughout the 20th century, these relations became a threat to Japan by the boycott of Japanese goods. Surabaya was the center of the Japanese economy in the Dutch East Indies, due to it is the right market for Japanese products. The Japanese trade throughout 1920s became the beginning of Japan�s military intervention in the Dutch East Indies. Later, it had an impact on economic and diplomatic relations between Japan and the Dutch East Indies in the 1930s.

Kata Kunci : Nihonjinkai, Perekonomian, Toko Jepang, Zaibatsu, Depresi Ekonomi 1930, Pemboikotan.