DISTRIBUSI DAN VEGETASI HABITAT ANOA DATARAN RENDAH (Bubalus depressicornis Hamilton-Smith, 1827) DI HUTAN BAKAU TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI SULAWESI TENGGARA

WIRA RAHARDI, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, S.U.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER BIOLOGI

Penelitian ini mengkaji distribusi dan vegetasi habitat Anoa Dataran Rendah (Bubalus depressicornis) di ekosistem hutan bakau Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai (TNRAW) Sulawesi Tenggara. Hutan bakau identik dengan tegakan khas Rhizophora sebagai habitat penting B. depressicornis. Informasi detail tentang distribusi B. depressicornis di hutan bakau masih terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: 1) ukuran dan struktur populasi B. depressicornis; 2) kondisi vegetasi penyusun habitat dan potensinya sebagai pakan; 3) distribusi B. depressicornis di hutan bakau. Pencuplikan data populasi B. depressicornis berdasarkan cacah dan ukuran jejak kaki (panjang, lebar, dan jeluk). Pencuplikan data vegetasi menggunakan kuadrat plot (20 m x 20 m) dengan ulangan 10 kali dalam transek sepanjang 2.370 m - 4.000 m pada setiap stasiun (Boolo, Lahalo, Jawi-Jawi, Laea). Data vegetasi meliputi cacah spesies, densitas, luas basal area, dan kanopi. Pencuplikan data distribusi B. depressicornis menggunakan koordinat jejak (ploting points). Hasil penelitian ini menduga populasi B. depressicornis di hutan bakau berukuran kecil yaitu 4 – 5 individu/ 10 km2. Vegetasi habitat didominansi growth form tegakan pohon dan sapling Rhizophora mucronata, dan Rhizophora Apiculata. Dominan seedling oleh Ceriops tagal. Dominansi growth form tumbuhan lantai oleh semak Clerodendrum inerne, Plucea indica, dan herba Acanthus illicifolius. Spesies-spesies dominan diduga merupakan tumbuhan pakan kesukaan Anoa. Distribusi Anoa di hutan bakau terbatas di zona belakang mengikuti kekayaan spesies vegetasi menyangkut ketersediaan sumber pakan. Diduga terbatas substrat, badan air, predator dan kompetitor.

This study examines the distribution and vegetation of Lowland Anoa habitat (Bubalus depressicornis) in the mangrove ecosystem of Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park (TNRAW) Southeast Sulawesi. Mangrove forests are identical to the typical Rhizophora stand as an important habitat for B. depressicornis. Detailed information about the distribution of B. depressicornis in mangrove forests is still limited, so this study aims to study: 1) the size and structure of the population of B. depressicornis; 2) the condition of habitat compiler vegetation and its potential as feed; 3) distribution of B. depressicornis in mangrove forests. Data on population of B. depressicornis based on counts and size of footprints (length, width, and depth). Sampling of vegetation data using quadratic plots (20 m x 20 m) with replications 10 times in transects of 2,370 m - 4,000 m at each station (Boolo, Lahalo, Jawi-Jawi, Laea). Vegetation data includes species count, density, basal area, and canopy. Sampling B. depressicornis distribution data uses ploting points. The results of this study suggest that the population of B. depressicornis in mangroves is small, ie 4-5 individuals/10 km2. Habitat vegetation is dominated by growth forms of tree stands and saplings of Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora apiculata. Dominant seeding by Ceriops tagal. Dominant growth form of floor plants by shrubs Clerodendrum inerne, Plucea indica, and herb Acanthus illicifolius. Dominant species are thought to be Anoa's favorite feed plants. Distribution of Anoa in limited mangrove forests in the back zone follows the vegetation species richness regarding the availability of feed sources. It is suspected that the substrate, water body, predator and competitors are limited.

Kata Kunci : Hutan Bakau, Bubalus depressicornis, TNRAW