PELAPISAN HIDROKSIAPATIT BERBASIS CANGKANG TELUR PUYUH PADA STAINLESS STEEL 316L MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION SEBAGAI KANDIDAT IMPLAN TULANG

TOFAN MALIKI K, Dr. Eng. Yusril Yusuf, S.Si., M.Eng.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 FISIKA

Penggunaan stainless steel 316L sebagai implan tulang memiliki kendala kurang biokompatibel, sehingga dibutuhkan hidroksiapatit untuk melapisinya. Hidroksiapatit yang digunakan berbasis cangkang telur puyuh, karena mengandung kadar kalsium yang cukup tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, diteliti pengaruh variasi tegangan listrik (25 volt dan 50 volt), kecepatan penarikan (0.1 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, 1 mm/s), dan suhu Sintering (750 oC, 850 oC, dan 950 oC) terhadap morfologi, serta struktur kristal lapisan hidroksiapatit menggunakan metode electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Hasil pertama, kenaikan tegangan listrik meningkatkan deposisi sehingga ketebalan lapisan meningkat. Di sisi lain, peningkatan tegangan listrik mempercepat pergerakan partikel hidroksiapatit sehingga terjadi turbelensi yang menyebabkan keretakan lapisan semakin buruk. Hasil kedua, pelapisan dari variasi kecepatan penarikan menganut dua model yaitu draining regime dan capillarity regime. Model draining regime terjadi pada kecepatan normal (0,5 mm/s dan 1 mm/s), dimana peningkatan kecepatan penarikan maka ketebalan akan meningkat dan keretakan lapisan semakin berkurang. Sedangkan pada model capillarity regime terjadi pada kecepatan penarikan yang sangat rendah (0,1 mm/s), dimana penguapan cairan pelarut terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan garis penarikan yang mengakibatkan ketebalan lapisan semakin tinggi. Hasil ketiga, suhu sintering yang terlalu tinggi menyebabkan lapisan mulai bertranformasi fasa dengan stainless steel 316L sehingga kemurnian lapisan hidroksiapatit berkurang. Selain itu, peningkatan suhu mengakibatkan densitas semakin tinggi serta ukuran partikelnya semakin besar. Kesimpulannya, hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variasi tegangan listrik 25 volt, kecepatan penarikan 1 mm/s, dan suhu sintering 850 oC yaitu dengan ketebalan rata-rata (33 -/+ 4) nm, persentase keretakan lapisan 6,334%, densitas 3,58 gr/mm3, dan ukuran kristal (26,17 -/+ 0,03) nm.

The use of 316L stainless steel as a bone implant has a variety that is less biocompatible, so hydroxyapatite is needed to coating it. The hydroxyapatite used is based on the quail eggshells, because it contains high levels of calcium. This study will focused on the impact of electrical voltage (25 volts and 50 volts), speed of withdrawal (0.1 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, 1 mm/s), and Sintering suhue (750 oC, 850 oC, and 950 oC) on the morphology, and the crystal structure of the hydroxyapatite layers using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. First results, a higher electrical voltage will increase the deposition of layers so that the thickness of the layers increases. On the other hand, mount of the electrical voltage increases the particles in the suspension resulting in turbulence which causes increasingly high cracking layers. Second results, the coating of variations withdrawal speed adhere to two models, namely the draining regimes and the capillarity regime. The draining regime model occurs at normal withdrawal speed (0.5 mm/s and 1 mm/s), which the higher velocity forms a thicker layers with less cracking. Whereas the model capillarity regime occurs at very low withdrawal speeds (0.1 mm/s), which solvent evaporation occurs faster than withdrawal lines which results in higher layers thickness. Third results, the higher phase suhue cause a transformation phase on 316L stainless steel, so the purity of the hydroxyapatite layers decreases. In addition, a higher suhue variations, cause the higher density and the size of particle. In conclusion, the best results were obtained at a variation of 25 volts of electric voltage, withdrawal speed of 1 mm/s, and sintering suhue of 850 oC, with a mean thickness (33 -/+ 4) nm, percentage cracking on the layers 6.334%, density value of 3.58 gr/mm3, and crystal size (26.17 -/+ 0.03) nm.

Kata Kunci : biomaterial, hidroksiapatit, pelapisan, electrophoretic deposition (EPD), implan tulang, stainless steel 316L, cangkang telur puyuh, capillarity regime, draining regime