FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KESADARAN KANKER SERVIKS PADA WANITA YANG SUDAH MENIKAH DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Annisa Purwanitasari, Haryani, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D; dr. Shinta Prawitasari, M.Kes., Sp.OG(K)

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan keganasan yang paling banyak dijumpai di kalangan wanita di dunia. Pada stadium awal, kanker serviks dapat dicegah dengan melakukan deteksi dini, salah satunya dengan Pap smear. Keberhasilan program deteksi dini kanker serviks dipengaruhi oleh partisipasi wanita. Partisipasi deteksi dini salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh kesadaran kanker serviks. Kesadaran kanker serviks dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, seperti pengetahuan dan karakteristik sosiodemografi. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan tanda gejala kanker serviks, pengetahuan faktor risiko kanker serviks, dan karakteristik sosiodemografi dengan kesadaran kanker serviks. Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode convenience sample dengan jumlah sampel 439 wanita sudah menikah di Kabupaten Sleman. Kriteria inklusi adalah wanita sudah menikah, mampu membaca dan menulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia, berada di tempat saat pengambilan data, dan bersedia menjadi responden. Sedangkan kriteria eksklusi adalah mengalami gangguan perilaku (gangguan jiwa atau mental), pernah dirawat di rumah sakit karena menderita kanker serviks, pernah menjalani operasi karena kanker serviks, atau pernah menjalani operasi pengangkatan rahim. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (Cervical CAM) versi Bahasa Indonesia dan diisi oleh responden secara mandiri. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman rank. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-November 2018. Hasil: Rata-rata usia responden 35,63 tahun (SD=8,76). Mayoritas responden lulusan SMA, sebagai ibu rumah tangga, berpendapatan rendah, memiliki 2 anak, pernah mendengar informasi tentang kanker serviks dan Pap smear serta tidak mempunyai keluarga atau teman dengan kanker serviks. Adanya hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan tanda gejala kanker serviks (r=0,707; p=0,000), pengetahuan faktor risiko kanker serviks (r=0,899; p=0,000), tingkat pendidikan (r=0,371; p=0,000), paparan tentang kanker serviks (r=-0,145; p=0,002), dan paparan tentang Pap smear (r=-0,293; p=0,000) dengan kesadaran kanker serviks. Sedangkan umur, pekerjaan, pendapatan, jumlah anak kandung, dan riwayat keluarga atau teman terkena kanker serviks tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kesadaran kanker serviks (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan tanda gejala dan pengetahuan faktor risiko kanker serviks, tingkat pendidikan, paparan tentang kanker serviks, dan paparan tentang Pap smear berhubungan signifikan dengan kesadaran kanker serviks

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. In the early stages, cervical cancer can be prevented by early detection, one of them is by Pap smear. The success of the early cervical cancer detection program is affected by women's participation which is affected by cervical cancer awareness. Cervical cancer awareness is affected by several factors, such as knowledge and sociodemographic characteristics. Objective: To know the relationship between knowledge of signs and symptoms of cervical cancer, knowledge of risk factors of cervical cancer, and sociodemographic characteristics with cervical cancer awareness. Method: This research was quantitative used a cross sectional design. Sampling used the convenience sampling method with a total sample of 439 married women in Sleman Regency. The inclusion criteria were married women, able to read and write in Indonesian, were in place when collecting data, and were willing to become respondents. While the exclusion criteria were experiencing behavioral disorders (mental or mental disorders), having been hospitalized because cervical cancer, having had surgery for cervical cancer, or having undergone surgical removal of the uterus. Data collection used the Indonesian version of the Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (Cervical CAM) questionnaire and filled out by respondents independently. Data analysis used the Spearman rank correlation test. The research was held in August-November 2018. Result: The average age of the respondents was 35,63 years old (SD = 8,76). Most of respondents were high school graduates, as housewives, low income, had 2 children, had heard information about cervical cancer and Pap smears and had neither family nor friends with cervical cancer. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of signs symptoms of cervical cancer (r=0,707; p=0,000), knowledge of risk factors of cervical cancer (r=0,899; p=0,000), level of education (r=0,371; p=0,000), exposure to cervical cancer (r=-0,145; p=0,002), and exposure to Pap smears (r=-0,293; p=0,000) and cervical cancer awareness. Whereas age, occupation, income, number of biological children, and family history or friends with cervical cancer are not significantly associated with cervical cancer awareness (p>0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of signs symptomps and knowledge of risk factors of cervical cancer, level of education, exposure to cervical cancer, and exposure to Pap smears are significantly associated with cervical cancer awareness.

Kata Kunci : kesadaran, kanker serviks, wanita menikah