DAYA LARVASIDA EKSTRAK KLOROFORM DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti

WATI, dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Apt., M.Si.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar Belakang: Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama penularan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Untuk menurunkan angka DBD, maka perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap vektor. Penggunaan insektisida untuk mengendalikan Aedes aegypti sudah menunjukkan resistensi sehingga dicari alternatif lain, yaitu dengan pengembangan larvasida botanikal. Tujuan: Mengkaji daya larvasida ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti dengan mengukur LC50 dan LC90. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental. Uji larvasida menggunakan 10 larva Aedes aegypti dalam 100 ml air dengan 7 konsentrasi ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) yang berbeda, 500 ppm; 540 ppm; 583,2 ppm; 629,9 ppm; 680,2 ppm; 734,7 ppm; dan 800 ppm. Hasil: Konsentrasi letal 50% (LC50) ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti adalah 601,217 ppm. Konsentrasi letal 90% (LC90) ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti adalah 861,167 ppm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) memiliki daya larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak kloroform daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) akan meningkatkan kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Kata kunci: Larva Aedes aegypti, Larvasida, Daun cengkeh, Syzygium aromaticum, Ekstrak kloroform

Background: Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) transmission. To reduce the number of DHF, it is necessary to control the vector. The use of insecticides to control Aedes aegypti has shown resistance so that other alternative are sought, by developing botanical larvicide. Objective: Assessing the larvacidal effect of chloroform extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) against Aedes aegypti larvae by measuring LC50 and LC90. Method: This research uses quasi-experimental design. This research used 10 Aedes aegypti larvae in 100 ml of water with 7 different concentrations of chloroform extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum), 500 ppm; 540 ppm, 583.2 ppm; 629.9 ppm, 680.2 ppm; 734.7 ppm; and 800 ppm. Result: The lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of the clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum) chloroform extract on Aedes aegypti larvae was 601.217 ppm. The lethal concentration 90% (LC90) of the clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum) chloroform extract against Aedes aegypti larvae was 861.167 ppm. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) has larvacidal effect against Aedes aegypti larvae. Increment of the concentration from chloroform extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) causes higher mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. Keywords: Aedes aegypti larvae, Larvacide, Clove leaves, Syzygium aromaticum, Chloroform extract

Kata Kunci : Larva Aedes aegypti, Larvasida, Daun cengkeh, Syzygium aromaticum, Ekstrak kloroform