FAKTOR-FAKTOR DETERMINAN BANK SAMPAH DAN ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

BAMBANG SUWERDA, Dr.Andri Kurniawan,MSi;Prof.Dr.Su Ritohardoyo,M.A;Dr.Tech Khabib Mustofa,S.Si.,M.Kom

2019 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Pengelolaan bank sampah di Kabupaten Bantul, belum berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan, dan baru sekitar 31% bank sampah yang aktif. Keaktifan bank sampah terkait dengan faktor-faktor determinan, antara lain pengetahuan, partisipasi, peran Pemerintah dan Jejaring Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri (JPSM), intensi perilaku mengelola sampah di bank sampah.. Penelitiian ini bertujuan untuk : menganalisa potensi pengurangan sampah adanya bank sampah, menganalisa hubungan pengetahuan, partisipasi masyarakat dan peran pemerintah dan JPSM terhadap intensi perilaku mengelola sampah di bank sampah, menganalisa faktor determinan paling besar terhadap intensi perilaku mengelola sampah di bank sampah, menganalisa dasar pengembangan bank sampah, menganalisa tingkat kelayakan alternatif pengembangan bank sampah berbasis masyarakat pemerintah, swasta, dan menemukan alternatif pengembangan bank sampah yang paling optimal untuk diterapkan di Kabupaten Bantul pada masa mendatang Sampel penelitian adalah penabung sampah yang diambil dengan teknik multi stage random sampling Stage pertama memiilih secara acak satu bank sampah aktif di tiap kecamatan, didapatkan 16 bank sampah. Stage kedua memilih sampel acak 100 penabung sampah di wilayah perdesaan, 100 wilayah perkotaan, dan 100 penabung sampah wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Bantul. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitik. Analisis jalur (path analysis) untuk mengetahui hubungan antar faktor determinan bank sampah dan untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap intensi perilaku mengelola sampah di bank sampah. Alternatif-alternatif pengembangan bank sampah dirumuskan dengan pendekatan backasting, sedangkan untuk memilih alternatif yang paling optimal menggunakan Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bank sampah telah menyebar di perdesaan, perkotaan dan pesisir, dengan jumlah 127 bank sampah dimana 31% aktif . Karakterisitk bank sampah yang ada di 3 wilayah tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kelembagaan bersifat paguyuban, teknis operasional pelayanan berdasarkan kesepakatan masyarakat dan adanya leader yang menjalankan bank sampah.Jumlah sampah yang ditabung rata-rata masih cukup kecil , tergantung keaktifan warga dan frekuensi pengelola melayani tabungan sampah.Tidak ada perbedaan jenis-jenis sampah yang ditabung di bank sampah perdesaan, perkotaan, maupun pesisir Kabupaten Bantul..Potensi pengurangan sampah dengan adanya bank sampah di perdesaan rata-rata 5,03%, perkotaan rata-rata 7,6%, dan pesisir rata-rata 6,25%, pengurangan sampah dengan adanya bank sampah rata-rata 6,3%. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, partisipasi masyarakat dan peran pemerintah dan JPSM terhadap intensi perilaku mengelola sampah di bank sampah,.Faktor determinan paling besar adalah peran pemerintah dan penggiat JPSM. Nilai vektor pada alternatif-1 (pengembangan bank sampah berbasis masyarakat) tertinggi sehingga terpilih menjadi alternatif paling optimal untuk dikembangkan di Kabupaten Bantul pada masa mendatang.

The management of waste bank in Bantul Regency has not been as expected, and its only 31% of the active waste bank. The activity of waste bank is related to several determinant factors, including knowledge, participation, the role of the Government and the Independent Waste Management Network (IWMN), intention of behaviour to manage waste at th waste bank. This research aims to analyze the potential of waste reducing at the waste bank, analyze the relationship of knowledge, community participation and the role of the government and IWMN towards intention of behaviour to manage waste at the waste bank, analyze the biggest determinant factors towards intention of behaviour to manage waste at th waste bank, analyze of waste bank improvement basic, analyze suitable level of waste bank management alternatives based on community, government, and private, and find the alternative of waste bank management that is the most optimal to be applied in Bantul Regency in the future . The sample of this research is the waste saver in the waste bank taken by the multi stage random sampling technique. The first stage was randomly selected by one of active waste bank in each sub-district, obtained 16 waste banks. The second stage was chosen by random samples of 100 waste savers in rural areas, 100 urban areas, and 100 waste savers, coastal areas of Bantul Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. Path analysis to find out the relationship between determinants of waste banks and to find out the factors that have the greatest influence of the intention of behaviour to manage waste at the waste bank. Alternatives to waste bank improvement are formulated with a backasting approach, while choosing the most optimal uses the Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The results showed that waste bank had spread in rural, urban and coastal areas, with 127 waste banks where 31% were active. The characteristics of waste bank in 3 regions have no significant differences. Institution is a community, operational technical service based on community agreement. There is a leader who runs a waste bank. The amount of waste saved on average is still quite small, depending on people liveliness and the frequency of managers serving waste savings. There are no differences in the types of waste saved in waste banks. rural, urban, and coastal areas of Bantul Regency. Potential reduction in waste by the presence of waste bank in rural areas average (5.03%), urban areas (7.6%), and coastal areas (6.25%), reduction of waste by existing of waste bank average 6, 3%. Theree is a significant relationship between knowledge, community participation and the role of the government and IWMN on the behaviour intentions of waste bank management. The factor of the greatest determinant is the role of the government and IWMN activists. The highest vector values in alternative-1 (community-based waste bank improvement), so that they are chosen to be the most optimal alternative to be applied in Bantul Regency in the future.

Kata Kunci : Sampah, faktor determinan, Pengembangan bank sampah