Kinerja Usaha Dan Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Peternak Sapi Rakyat Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

FERDIAN ACHMAD, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo;Masyhuri;Subejo

2019 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi, efisiensi dan inefisiensi teknis, keuntungan, risiko produksi, perilaku peternak terhadap risiko, derajat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada peternak sapi potong rakyat sistem kepemilikan mandiri dan gaduhan di DI Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survey terhadap 120 orang peternak mandiri dan 120 orang peternak gaduhan tipe penggemukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis linier berganda, absolute residual, stochastic frontier metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), perhitungan perilaku risiko (K(s)), klasifikasi silang antara konsumsi energi dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan, serta analisis ordered logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi dipengaruhi oleh variabel bibit sapi, pakan hijauan, pakan konsentrat, suplemen, jenis sapi, dan sistem kepemilikan. Efisiensi teknis peternak mandiri dan gaduhan sebesar 0,8776 dan 0,8694 termasuk kondisi belum sepenuhnya efisien secara sempurna. Variabel yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis yaitu umur, pendidikan formal, pengalaman, dan keanggotaan kelompok ternak. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keuntungan secara negatif diantaranya harga bibit sapi, harga pakan hijauan, harga pakan konsentrat, dan upah tenaga kerja; serta secara positif dipengaruhi oleh produksi sapi, jenis sapi, dan sistem kepemilikan. Faktor yang menurunkan risiko produksi diantaranya pakan hijauan, tenaga kerja, frekuensi penyuluhan, jenis sapi, dan keanggotaan kelompok ternak, yang meningkatkan risiko yaitu variabel pakan konsentrat. Mayoritas peternak sapi potong termasuk kategori menolak risiko (risk averse). Derajat ketahanan pangan peternak sapi potong rakyat di DI Yogyakarta yaitu sebanyak 17,92% tahan pangan, 16,67% rentan pangan, 39,58% kurang pangan, dan 25,83% rawan pangan, faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara positif diantaranya variabel pendidikan ibu, pendapatan rumah tangga, dan tingkat pendidikan peternak; sedangkan secara negatif dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anggota keluarga, harga beras, harga mie instan, dan harga daging.

This study aims to determine the production and factors that influence production, efficiency and technical inefficiency, profit, production risks, farmer behavior to risk, degree of household food security and the factors that affect in beef cattle farmers of the self-ownership and partnership systems in DI Yogyakarta. The method used was a survey of 120 self-ownership and 120 partnership farmers of fattening type using structured questionnaires. The method of analysis using multiple linear analysis, absolute residual, stochastic frontier method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), calculation of risk behavior (K(s)), cross classification between energy consumption and share of food expenditure, and analysis of ordered logistic regression. The results of the study showed that production was influenced by variables of feeder cattle, forage feed, concentrate feed, supplement, cattle type, and ownership system. The technical efficiency of self-ownership farmers and partnership farmers was 0.8776 and 0.8694, including conditions that have not been perfectly efficient. Variables that affect technical inefficiencies are age, formal education, experience, and membership of livestock groups. Factors that affect profit negatively include prices of feeder cattle, prices of forage feed, prices of concentrate feed, and labor wages; and are positively influenced by cattle production, cattle types, and ownership systems. Factors that reduce the risk of production include forage feed, labor, extension frequency, cattle type, and membership of livestock groups, which increases the risk is variable feed concentrates. The majority of beef cattle farmers are included in the risk averse category. The degree of food security of smallholder beef cattle in DI Yogyakarta, which is 17.92% food secure, 16.67% food vulnerable, 39.58% food less secure, and 25.83% food insecure. Factors that positively affect are variables maternal education, household income, and farmer education level; while negatively affected by the number of family members, price of rice, price of instant noodle, and price of meat.

Kata Kunci : gaduhan,ketahanan pangan,mandiri,produksi,sapi potong