Optimasi Gelling Agent Karbopol, Natrium Karboksimetilselulosa, dan Metilselulosa serta Uji Aktivitas Gel 3-Nitrokalkon sebagai Sunscreen secara In Vitro

Muhammad Fariz Irfan, Dr. Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, M.Si., S.E., Apt.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Senyawa 3-nitrokalkon diduga mampu menyerap dan mengurangi intensitas radiasi sinar ultraviolet yang terpapar pada kulit. Senyawa 3-nitrokalkon diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel dengan kombinasi karbopol dengan kadar 0,50-1,00 persen b/b; natrium karboksimetilselulosa dengan kadar 0,50-2,00 persen b/b; dan metilselulosa dengan kadar 1,00-3,00 persen b/b. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi ketiga basis gel tersebut, mengevaluasi sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik, dan aktivitas gel 3-nitrokalkon sebagai sunscreen secara in vitro. Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) digunakan untuk mengoptimasi basis gel dengan bantuan software Design Expert versi 10.0. Aktivitas sunscreen gel 3-nitrokalkon ditentukan secara spektrofotometri dengan cara menentukan nilai Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), persen transmisi eritema, dan persen transmisi pigmentasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan software IBM SPSS Statistic 25. Formula optimum gel 3-nitrokalkon dengan kadar karbopol sebesar 0,51 persen b/b; kadar natrium karboksimetilselulosa sebesar 1,89 persen b/b; dan kadar metilselulosa sebesar 1,60 persen b/b memiliki pH sebesar 6,522; viskositas sebesar 135,20 dPa.s; daya sebar sebesar 15,1 cm persegi; daya lekat sebesar 90,02 detik; nilai SPF sebesar 21,19; nilai persen transmisi eritema sebesar 1,27 persen; nilai persen transmisi pigmentasi sebesar 43,47 persen; dan memiliki sifat fisik yang relatif stabil.

The 3-nitrochalcone was suspected to absorb and reduce ultraviolet radiation intensity that exposed to the skin. The 3-nitrochalcone was formulated as gel dosage form using combination of carbopol in concentration of 0.50-1.00 percent w/w; carboxymethylcellulose sodium in concentration of 0.50-2.00 percent w/w; and methylcellulose in concentration of 1.00-3.00 percent w/w. This study purpose was to optimize the three gel bases, evaluate physical properties, physical stability, and activity of 3-nitrochalcone gel as sunscreen by in vitro method. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method was used to optimize gel base with Design Expert software version 10.0. Activity of 3-nitrochalcone gel as sunscreen was determined spectrophotometrically by determining Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, percent transmission of erythema, and percent transmission of pigmentation. Data were analyzed statistically with IBM SPSS Statistic 25 software. Optimum formula of 3-nitrochalcone gel with 0.51 percent w/w carbopol content, 1.89 percent w/w carboxymethylcellulose sodium content, and 1.60 percent w/w methylcellulose content has pH of 6.522, viscosity of 135.20 dPa.s, spreadability of 15.1 cm square, adhesive time of 90.02 seconds, SPF value of 21.19, percent transmission of erythema value of 1.27 percent, percent transmission of pigmentation value of 43.47 percent, and relatively stable physical properties.

Kata Kunci : gel, 3-nitrokalkon, SLD, sunscreen