Penilaian Mutu Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta

Ikartini Afandi, M. Rifqi Rokhman, M.Sc., Apt. & Hardika Aditama, M.Sc., Apt.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Pengelolaan obat merupakan proses yang berkesinambungan dan berperan penting dalam menjamin ketersediaan obat. Penelitian yang ada belum menilai mutu pengelolaan obat secara keseluruhan dari tahap seleksi hingga evaluasi. Selain itu, instrumen yang digunakan belum terstandar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai keseluruhan proses pengelolaan obat di puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta menggunakan indikator pengelolaan obat. Data diambil secara retrospektif melalui penelusuran dokumen pengelolaan obat tahun 2017, dan observasi serta wawancara kepada apoteker. Sebanyak empat puskesmas dipilih berdasarkan ada/tidaknya rawat inap dan puskesmas pembantu, serta jumlah apoteker. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan 30 indikator, yaitu seleksi (1), perencanaan (4), permintaan (2), penerimaan (2), penyimpanan (7), pendistribusian (2), pengendalian (10), pencatatan, pelaporan & pengarsipan (1), dan pemantauan & evaluasi (1). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan standar pengelolaan obat di puskesmas yang ada di literatur, serta dibandingkan antar puskesmas. Kesesuaian obat dengan Formularium Nasional sebesar 72,87%. Kesesuaian penyimpanan obat high alert dan look alike sound alike adalah 65,83% dan 70,01%. Ketepatan jumlah distribusi obat ke puskesmas pembantu sebesar 73,01%. Nilai inventory turn over ratio hanya sebesar 4,7 kali/tahun. Ketersediaan obat tergolong stok berlebih yaitu 69,58 bulan. Obat tidak diresepkan selama minimal 3 bulan adalah 50,26%. Kesesuaian jumlah fisik obat dengan kartu stok hanya sebesar 55,27%. Pengelolaan obat di puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta belum berjalan efisien sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan, tidak hanya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi tetapi juga meningkatkan penggunaan obat rasional.

Drug management is a continuous process and plays an important role in ensuring the availability of drugs. The current study has not assessed the overall quality of drug management from the selection to evaluation. In addition, the instruments used are not standardized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall process of drug management in Yogyakarta City Community Health Centers using indicators of drug management. Data was taken retrospectively through the investigate for 2017 drug management documents, observations and interviews with pharmacists. Four community health centers were selected based on the presence/absence of inpatient and auxiliary health centers, as well as the number of pharmacists. Evaluation is carried out using 30 indicators, namely selection (1), planning (4), procurement (2), acceptance (2), storage (7), distribution (2), control (10), recording, reporting & filing (1), and monitoring & evaluation (1). Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with drug management standards in the literature, and compared between community health centers. The suitability of the drug with the National Formulary is 72.87%. The suitability of high alert and look alike sound storage drugs is 65.83% and 70.01%. The accuracy of the amount of drug distribution to auxiliary health centers was 73.01%. The value of inventory turn over ratio is only 4.7 times/year.The availibility of drugs classified as over stock is 69,58 months. The drug not prescribed for a minimum of 3 months is 50.26%. The suitability of the physical number of drugs with stock cards is only 55.27%. Drug management in Yogyakarta City Community Health Centers has not been running efficiently so it needs to be improved, not only to increase efficiency but also to increase rational drug use.

Kata Kunci : penilaian, mutu, pengelolaan obat, puskesmas