Hubungan Antara Investasi Asing dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Siti Athalia Salqaura, Dr. Luthfi Muta'ali, M.T.
2019 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAHSebagai pusat pendidikan, daerah strategis, dan merupakan destinasi favorit bagi turis setelah Bali memberikan peluang besar masuknya investasi terutama investasi asing ke D. I. Yogyakarta. Peran yang diberikan investasi terhadap PDRB D. I. Yogyakarta mencapai angka 31 persen. Namun, kedudukan D. I. Yogyakarta menyerap investasi asing sangatlah rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekonomi wilayah antar kabupaten/kota, dinamika investasi yang masuk, sektor unggulan PDRB, PMA, dan PMDN, serta hubungan antara investasi asing dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di D. I. Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dengan unit analisis adalah deret waktu (time series) dari tahun 2001-2017. Metode dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi, analisis tipologi Klassen, analisis deskriptif, analisis Location Quotient (LQ), dan analisis korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Sleman tergolong wilayah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh, Kabupaten Bantul dan Kabupaten Gunungkidul tergolong wilayah berkembang cepat, dan Kulon Progo tergolong wilayah relatif tertinggal. Penanaman modal yang masuk di D. I. Yogyakarta selama 17 tahun terakhir mengalami dinamika dan cenderung mengalami kenaikan dengan proporsi PMA lebih besar dibanding PMDN. Sektor unggulan dalam PDRB, PMA, dan PMDN adalah sektor jasa. Hubungan antara PMA dan PDRB, PMA dan PDRB per kapita, PMDN dan PDRB, serta PMDN dan PDRB per kapita di tiap kabupaten/kota selama tahun pengamatan di D. I. Yogyakarta menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan, kecuali pada hubungan PMDN dan PDRB per kapita di Kota Yogyakarta. Tingkat hubungan yang diperoleh dari semua hasil uji korelasi berada di tingkat sangat kuat, kuat, dan cukup kuat dengan arah hubungan seluruh hasil analisis adalah positif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pemerintah D. I. Yogyakarta dan pemerintah daerah tiap kabupaten/kota diharapkan meningkatkan iklim investasi yang lebih baik dan kondusif serta meningkatkan peran sektor-sektor unggulan tanpa mengabaikan pengembangan sektor bukan unggulan.
The Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta as a center of education, a strategic area, and becoming a favorite destination for tourists after Bali. It also provides large opportunities for investment, especially foreign investment. The role given by investment in the Special Region of Yogyakarta's Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) reached 31 percent. However, the position of the Special Region of Yogyakarta for absorbing foreign investment is in a low level. The aims of this research are to find out the economic potential of the regions among the regencies/cities, the dynamics of incoming investment, the leading sectors of GRDP, foreign investment, and domestic investment, and the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data in the research are analyzed by using the secondary data with unit analysis being the time series from 2001-2017. The method in the research is descriptive method. The techniques of analyzing data of this study are economic growth analysis, Klassen typology analysis, descriptive analysis, Location Quotient analysis, and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The results of the research show that the Yogyakarta City and Sleman belong to fast-growing regions, Bantul and Gunungkidul belong to fast-developing regions, and Kulon Progo is a relatively left behind region. Investments that entered Special Region of Yogyakarta for the past 17 years experienced dynamics and tended to increase with the proportion of foreign investment greater than domestic investment. The leading sector in GRDP, foreign investment, and domestic investment is the service sector. The relationship between foreign investment and GRDP, foreign investment and GRDP per capita, domestic investment and GRDP, as well as domestic investment and GRDP per capita in each regency/city during the observation year in Special Region of Yogyakarta show a significant relationship, except for the relationship between domestic investment and GRDP per capita in the Yogyakarta City. The levels of relationships obtained from all the correlation test results are at a very strong, strong, and quite strong level with the directions of the relationships throughout the analysis results being positive. Based on the results of the research, the Special Region of Yogyakarta government and the local governments of each regency/city are expected to improve the investment climate better and conductively and increase the role of leading sector without ignoring the development of non-leading sectors.
Kata Kunci : investasi asing, pertumbuhan ekonomi, Location Quotient, tipologi Klassen, korelasi Pearson Product Moment