Pengaruh Latihan Zumba Toning terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Wanita Kegemukan yang Menjalani Diet Rendah Kalori

DIWYACITTA PAHDARINA, Harry Freitag L. M., S.Gz., Dietisien, M.Sc; Dr. dr. Emy Huriyati, M.Kes

2019 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Studi menunjukkan, terdapat hubungan antara peningkatan IMT dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total. Kadar kolesterol total merupakan salah satu prediktor untuk melihat risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Salah satu terapi diet yang efektif menurunkan berat badan antara lain diet rendah kalori. Selain itu, latihan fisik juga dapat menurunkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dengan menjaga stabilitas sistem kerja jantung dan menyeimbangkan kadar kolesterol darah. Salah satu latihan fisik yang sedang populer adalah senam Zumba Toning. Zumba Toning diketahui dapat membantu proses penurunan berat badan dan penurunan kolesterol. Sehingga, penulis ingin meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh latihan Zumba Toning terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada wanita dengan kegemukan yang menjalani diet rendah kalori. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh dari latihan Zumba Toning terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada wanita dengan kegemukan yang menjalani diet rendah kalori. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan quasi experimental yang dilakukan di Yogyakarta pada bulan September � November 2018 dengan total subjek 65 wanita dewasa kegemukan. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (T1) dan kelompok intervensi (T2). Pada T2, subjek menerima intervensi Zumba Toning dan konseling diet rendah kalori (1200 � 1500 kcal). Latihan Zumba Toning dilaksanakan selama 8 minggu berturut-turut dengan frekuensi dua kali/minggu, berdurasi 60 menit setiap latihan. Sedangkan pada T1, subjek hanya menerima konseling diet rendah kalori (1200 - 1500 kcal). Subjek menjalani pre-test pada minggu ke-0 dan post-test pada minggu ke-9. Hasil: Pada kelompok kontrol (T1) terdapat penurunan BB dan kadar kolesterol total secara signifikan (p<0,000; p=0,017), serta perubahan asupan zat gizi energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kolesterol, gula, dan serat yang menunjukkan perubahan signifikan. Pada kelompok intervensi (T2), juga terdapat penurunan berat badan dan kadar kolesterol total secara signifikan (p<0,000 ; p<0,000), serta perubahan asupan zat gizi pada asupan energi, lemak, gula dan serat secara signifikan. Setelah diuji perbedaan perubahan variabel pada kedua kelompok, terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada perubahan BB, asupan protein, karbohidrat, dan aktivitas fisik. Selain itu, penurunan kadar kolesterol total lebih besar pada kelompok intervensi walaupun tidak signifikan. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh kenaikan aktivitas fisik pada kelompok kontrol, serta perbedaan penurunan signifikan beberapa asupan zat gizi yang lebih besar pada T1 seperti protein, karbohidrat, dan gula. Kesimpulan: Kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan konseling diet rendah kalori dan latihan Zumba Toning dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total lebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol yang hanya mendapat konseling diet rendah kalori saja walaupun perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in Indonesian adults has increased continuously. Based on research there is a significant relationship between body mass index and cholesterol. The example of predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease is the amount of cholesterol level. The one of diet therapy which is effective for lose weight is low calorie diet. In addition, physical exercise also able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by maintaining the stability of the working system of the heart and balancing blood cholesterol levels. The one of trending exercise is Zumba Toning. It helps to reduce weight and cholesterol level. Therefore the writer wants to conduct further research about the effect of zumba toning exercises on total cholesterol levels in overweight women who are on low calorie diet. Goal: Knowing the effect of Zumba Toning exercises on total cholesterol levels in overweight women who are on a low-calorie diet. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental conducted in Yogyakarta in September - November 2018 with 65 overweight/obese adult women subjects in total. Subjects were divided into two groups, named the control group (T1) and the intervention group (T2). In T2, subjects got Zumba Toning intervention and a low-calorie diet counseling (1200 - 1500 kcal). Zumba Toning is carried out for 8 consecutive weeks with a twice a week frequency, 60 minutes duration per exercise. While in T1, subjects only got low-calorie diet counseling (1200 - 1500 kcal). Subjects took a pre-test at week 0 and post-test at weeks 9. Results: In the control group (T1) there was a significant decrease in weight and total cholesterol levels (p <0,000; p = 0.017), and the alteration in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol, sugar, and fiber intake which showed significant changes. In the intervention group (T2), also occurred significant decrease in body weight and total cholesterol levels (p <0,000; p <0,000), as well as a significant alteration in nutrient intake on energy, fat, sugar and fiber intake. After testing the difference in variable changes in the two groups, there were significant differences in weight changes, protein intake, carbohydrate, and physical activity. In addition, the reduction of total cholesterol levels was greater in the intervention group although it was not significant. It can be caused by the increasing of physical activity in the control group, as well as a significant difference in some of the greater intake of nutrients in T1 such as protein, carbohydrate, and sugar. Conclusion: The intervention group which got low-calorie diet counseling and Zumba Toning exercise could reduce total cholesterol levels more than the control group who only got low-calorie diet counseling even though the difference was not significant.

Kata Kunci : Kadar kolesterol total, Zumba, diet rendah kalori, obesitas.