Persepsi dan Strategi Adaptasi Petambak dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim: Studi Kasus di Desa Kalanganyar Kecamatan Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Kautsar Fahreza Tandipanga', Ir. Hery Saksono, M.A.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi petambak terhadap perubahan iklim, mengidentifikasi dan memetakan dampak banjir rob akibat perubahan iklim, mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi akibat perubahan iklim terhadap petambak, dan mendeskripsikan strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim yang dilakukan oleh petambak di Desa Kalanganyar, Kecamatan Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Responden berjumlah 25 orang yang dipilih dengan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur, wawancara mendalam, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Persepsi dan strategi adaptasi dianalisis dengan metode statistik deskriptif, estimasi nilai kerugian dianalisis dengan metode kehilangan produksi, biaya pencegahan, dan biaya pengganti, sedangkan peta dampak banjir rob disusun melalui analisis spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa istilah perubahan iklim belum dimengerti oleh semua petambak. Mayoritas petambak mempunyai persepsi bahwa dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun suhu udara dan muka air laut meningkat, sedangkan curah hujan menurun. Banjir rob menyebabkan hancurnya konstruksi tambak dan kehilangan produksi. Estimasi nilai total kehilangan produksi sebesar Rp.12.594.630.000,00 atau rerata Rp.572.483.181,82/petambak. Total biaya pengganti sebesar Rp.2.024.500.000,00 atau rerata Rp.88.021.739,13/petambak. Total biaya pencegahan Rp.66.000.000,00 atau rerata Rp.4.714.285,00/petambak. Strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan petambak ada lima, yaitu meninggikan tanggul sungai, diversifikasi mata pencaharian, mobilisasi anggota keluarga, mengubah manajemen tebar-panen, dan meninggikan pematang tambak secara berkala. Beberapa petambak mengombinasikan lebih dari satu strategi adaptasi.

The purpose of this research were to: a) describe the perception of fish farmers to climate change, b) identify and map the impact of coastal flood due to climate change, c) estimate the economic losses of fish farmer due to climate change, and d) describe adaptation strategies of fish farmer to address climate change impacts in Kalanganyar Village, Sidoarjo District. This is a descriptive research where used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Snowball sampling method was employed to choose of 25 fish farmer households. Besides this, FGD also conducted to develop participatory map. Perception and adaptation strategies were analysed using descriptive statistic. Estimation of economic losses were analysed using several methods, i.e. loss of production, replacement cost, and preventive expenditure. Spatial analysis also used to compose the participatory coastal flood impacts map. Result revealed that climate change have not entirely understood by fish farmers. However, their accounts of the changing climate parameters mostly converge to the increasing air temperature and sea level, and decreasing rainfall. Coastal flood due to climate change adversely affects the fish farmers by embankment breaching and loss of production. Estimate of economic losses in 2018 by method of loss of production were amount of Rp.572.483.181,82/fish farmer, replacement cost Rp.88.021.739,13/fish farmer, and preventive expenditure Rp.4.714.285,00/fish farmer, respectively. Fish farmers try to adapted in various ways, including river embankment heightening, livelihood diversification, mobilizing family members, change in stocking-harvest management, and frequently heightening the pond dykes. Some of fish farmers could employed more than one adaptation strategy.

Kata Kunci : persepsi, strategi adaptasi, petambak, perubahan iklim, Kabupaten Sidoarjo