PENGARUH EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 IN VITRO

NI LUH MAS P, drg. Heni Susilowati, M.Kes., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. drg. Regina TC. Tandelilin, M.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial yang sering ditemukan di saluran air dental unit. Bakteri tersebut membentuk biofilm yang mengakibatkan resistensi terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik. Kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) mengandung flavonoid, asam fenolik, dan xanthone sehingga diduga berpotensi menghambat pembentukan biofilm P. aeruginosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kulit manggis terhadap pembentukan biofilm P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 in vitro. Uji MIC telah dilakukan untuk ekstrak kulit manggis terhadap P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 dan didapatkan hasil pada ekstrak kulit manggis 10%. Pembentukan biofilm dideteksi menggunakan metode static microtiter biofilm assay. BHI, ekstrak kulit manggis 10%, 15%, 20% dan kontrol negatif (DMSO 2%) dimasukkan dalam microplate kemudian bakteri diinokulasikan (1,5x107 CFU/ml) dengan total volume sebanyak 200 µl di setiap wells, kemudian diinkubasi selama 18 jam pada suhu 37oC. Microplate dicuci dengan phosphate buffer saline kemudian diwarnai dengan crystal violet 0,1%. Nilai densitas optik (OD) diukur menggunakan microplate reader dengan panjang gelombang 540 nm, selanjutnya dianalisis berdasarkan persentase penghambatan pembentukan biofilm. Hasil analisis Robust Brown-Forsythe (p<0,05) menunjukkan ekstrak kulit manggis berpengaruh menghambat pembentukan biofilm P. aeruginosa. Persentase penghambatan ekstrak 10%, 15% dan 20% berturut-turut sebesar 38,98%; 52,78%; dan 67,22%. Hasil uji Post Hoc Tukey HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa kulit manggis dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm P. aeruginosa dengan daya penghambatan paling efektif pada konsentrasi ekstrak 20%.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as a bacteria that causes nosocomial infection and could easily found in dental unit waterline. This bacterium formed biofilm that causes bacteria resistance towards several antibiotics. Mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains flavonoid, phenolic acid, and xanthone, therefore mangosteen pericarp is predicted to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mangosten pericarp extract toward the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 in vitro. The biofilm formation was detected by static microtiter biofilm assay. BHI, mangosten pericarp extract 10%, 15%, 20%, and negative control (DMSO 2%) were added into microplate then the bacteria was inoculated (1,5x107 CFU/ml) with total volume 200 µl each wells, then was incubated for 18 hours at 37oC. Microplates were irrigated with phosphate buffer saline then were stained using 0,1% crystal violet. Optical density was measured using microplate reader at 540 nm wavelength followed by determination of biofilm formation inhibition percentage. MIC determination of mangosten pericarp extract towards P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 had been done and resulted 10%. Robust Brown-Forsythe (p<0,05) analysis showed mangosten pericarp extract was capable to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Percentage of inhibition mangosten pericarp extract 10%, 15%, and 20% were 38,98%; 52,78%; and 67,22% respectively. Tukey HSD analysis showed significant difference between groups. It is concluded that mangosten pericarp extract may inhibit biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and 20% extract showed the best effectiveness compared to 10% and 15%.

Kata Kunci : Biofilm, Mangosten pericarp extract, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.