Kesetaraan Hak Sosial Politik Penyandang Disabilitas Psikososial Ditinjau dalam Perspektif Theory of Justice John Rawls

Fitria Nugrah Madani, Dr. Supartiningsih

2019 | Skripsi | S1 FILSAFAT

Penyandang disabilitas psikososial di berbagai negara, khususnya di Indonesia sering mengalami ketidakadilan sosial maupun politik. Penyandang disabilitas psikososial sering mengalami kekerasan fisik dan kekerasan lain dalam bentuk stigma dan diskriminasi. Para penyandang disablitas psikososial harusnya mendapat hak-haknya dalam bidang sosial politik sebagai hak dasar kesetaraan. Dalam theory of justice John Rawls memandang keadilan yang sifatnya bebas, rasional dan setara. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah; pertama, menginventarisasi problem mendasar kesetaraan hak sosial politik yang dihadapi penyandang disabilitas psikososial di Indonesia. Kedua, menganalisis secara kritis problem mendasar kesetaraan hak sosial politik yang dihadapi penyandang disabilitas psikososial di Indonesia ditinjau dalam perspektif theory of Justice John Rawls. Penelitiaan ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dalam bidang filsafat dengan menggunakan pendekatan heurmenetika-filosofis. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan telaah pustaka dari sumber-sumber berupa buku, jurnal dan artikel ilmiah, dengan sumber primer berupa buku theory of justice John Rawls dan laporan investigasi Human Right Watch mengenai kekerasan penyandang disabilitas psikososial. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unsur metodis filosofis berupa deksripsi, verstehen, interpretasi dan heuristika untuk memberikan refleksi filosofis terhadap data penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pertama, problem mendasar penyandang disabilitas psikososial merujuk pada terjadinya stigmatisasi dan diskriminasi terhadap kesetaraan hak sosial politik. Kedua, refleksi filosofis yang didapatkan dari theory of justice John Rawls ditinjau dengan prinsip equal, unequal dan justice as fairness menunjukkan bahwa penyandang disabilitas psikososial harusnya diberikan ruang wacana dalam mewujudkan kesetaraan hak sosial politiknya. Dengan itu, penyandang disabilitas psikososal dapat dijaminan kesempatan dalam masyarakat untuk hidup layak dan setara.

Persons with psychosocial disabilities in various countries, especially in Indonesia, often experience social and political injustice. People with psychosocial disabilities often experience physical violence and other violence in the form of stigma and discrimination. Persons with psychosocial disabilities should get their rights in the socio-political field as a basic right of equality. In John Rawls's theory of justice he sees justice that is free, rational and equal. The purpose of this study is; first, inventorying the fundamental problems of social and political rights faced by persons with psychosocial disabilities in Indonesia. Secondly, critically analyzing the fundamental problem of equality of social and political rights faced by persons with psychosocial disabilities in Indonesia is viewed in the perspective of the theory of Justice John Rawls. This research is a qualitative research in the field of philosophy using a heuristic-philosophical approach. Retrieval of data in this study was carried out by literature from sources such as books, journals and scientific articles, with primary sources in the form of John Rawls' book tittle by theory of justice and Human Rights Watch investigative reports on violence with persons with psychosocial disabilities. The method of data analysis in this study uses philosophical methodical elements in the form of description, verstehen, interpretation and heuristics to provide philosophical reflections on research data. The results of this study are first, the fundamental problem of persons with psychosocial disabilities refers to the occurrence of stigmatization and discrimination against equality of socio-political rights. Second, philosophical reflections obtained from John Rawls's theory of justice are reviewed with equal, unequal and justice as fairness principles, indicating that persons with psychosocial disabilities should be given a space for discourse in realizing equality of their socio-political rights. With that, people with psychososal disabilities can be guaranteed opportunities in society to live a decent and equal life.

Kata Kunci : Disabilitas Psikososial, Theory of Justice, Kesetaraan Hak Sosial Politik, Prinsip equal, unequal dan justice as fairnees