EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN AKAR KUNING (Arcangelisia flava Merr) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU WERENG COKLAT (Nilapavarta lugens Stal, 1854)
RIBKAH SETIO PUJI L, Suwarno Hadisusanto; I Gusti Putu Suryadharma
2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER BIOLOGIWereng coklat merupakan hama potensial yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi padi. Penggunaan insektisida sintetis yang selama ini digunakan menimbulkan resurgensi dan resistensi wereng serta mengakibatkan pencemaran tanah, air, tumbuhan yang dapat mengganggu siklus rantai makanan pada suatu ekosistem bahkan gangguan kesehatan manusia. Upaya pengendalian hama wereng coklat yang murah, efektif dan aman yakni menggunakan insektisida nabati. Daun akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) adalah tumbuhan liana memanjat berdaun tunggal yang tumbuh sepanjang tahun. Daun akar kuning mengandung metababolit sekunder yang dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pelarut dan dosis ekstrak daun akar kuning, stadium siklus hidup wereng coklat dan durasi waktu perlakuan yang paling efektif digunakan sebagai insektisida nabati pengendali hama terpadu wereng coklat. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium pemeliharaan, dengan menyemprotkan ekstrak daun akar kuning yang dibuat menggunakan metode sederhana memakai pelarut air dan etanol menggunakan 5 variasi dosis yakni 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 5% dan 10% pada wereng coklat stadium nimfa dan dewasa. Penyemprotan ekstrak daun akar kuning dilakukan setiap 24 jam pada sore hari selama 168 jam. Berdasarkan uji deteksi metabolit sekunder, ekstrak daun akar kuning pelarut etanol mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin dan terpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak daun akar kuning pelarut air tidak mengandung saponin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun akar kuning efektif digunakan sebagai insektisida nabati karena berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap mortalitas wereng dengan nilai alpha ±<0,05. Ekstrak daun akar kuning berpelarut etanol yang diaplikasikan pada wereng coklat stadium nimfa dengan dosis 10% dalam durasi waktu perlakuan 24 jam menunjukan efektivitas tertinggi terhadap mortalitas wereng coklat.
Brown planthopper is a potential pest that causes a decrease in rice production. The use of synthetic insecticides that have been used has caused resurgence and resistance in leafhoppers and has resulted in pollution of soil, water, plants which can disrupt the food chain cycle in an ecosystem and even human health problems. Efforts to control brown planthopper pests that are cheap, effective and safe are using vegetable insecticides. Yellow root leaf (Arcangelisia flava Merr) is a single-leaf climbing liana plant that grows throughout the year. Yellow root leaves contain secondary metababolites which can be used as vegetable insecticides. The aim of this study was to find out the solvent and the dose of yellow root leaf extract, the life cycle stage of the brown plant hopper and the duration of the most effective treatment used as a plant insecticide for integrated pest control brown plant hopper. The research was carried out in a maintenance laboratory, by spraying yellow root leaf extract made using a simple method using water and ethanol solvents using 5 dose variations namely 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10% in brown plant hopper stage nymphs and adult. Spraying yellow root extract is done every 24 hours in the afternoon for 168 hours. Based on the detection test of secondary metabolites, the ethanol yellow root extract leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids, while the water solvent yellow root extract does not contain saponins. The results showed that yellow root leaf extract was effectively used as a vegetable insecticide because it had a very significant effect on planthopper mortality with a value of alpha <0.05. Ethanol-coated yellow root extract which was applied to the nymph stage brown plant hopper with a dose of 10% in the duration of the treatment time of 24 hours showed the highest effectiveness on the mortality of brown plant hopper.
Kata Kunci : insektisida nabati, wereng coklat, daun akar kuning, metabolit sekunder