Produksi Ruang; Dari Sektor Informal Ke Reproduksi Ruang di Kota Ternate

WAWAN ILYAS, Prof. Dr. Tadjuddin Noer Effendi, M.A.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI

Kota Ternate terus berkembang sebagai kota sentral di Maluku Utara yang memosisikan sektor jasa dan perdagangan sebagai jantung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, mobilisasi bisnis dan sektor informal tersebar di lokasi penelitian, yaitu Kecamatan Ternate Tengah dan Selatan, yang mengalami kepadatan penduduk serta permukiman menjadi bagian permasalahan ruang kota. Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan masalah produksi dan reproduksi sosial ruang dengan interelasi sektor informal. Mengingat hal ini, pembahasan melingkupi kapitalisasi ruang di wilayah pusat kota, serta pengembangan ruang aktivitas ekonomi. Data dihimpun melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lalu dianalisis dengan kerangka analisis spasial Neo-Marxis (Henri Lefebvre dan David Harvey) menunjukkan bahwa; tiadanya perhatian serius terhadap penataan ruang semakin merunyamkan masalah kota. Kebutuhan ruang membawa dampak harga tanah semakin mahal (fictitious capital). Bahwa upaya menata Ternate sebagai kota modern diseragamkan dengan akumulasi kapital dan bukan sosio-historis. Reproduksi ruang dilakukan mengikuti tren pembagian spasial dan mekanisme pasar kota-kota besar. Kecenderungan itu terlihat dari pembangunan pasar modern Gamalama di Ternate Tengah dan reproduksi ruang reklamasi di Ternate Selatan. Pekerja informal dipindahkan yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya ruang aktivitas dan pendapatan mereka. Masalah ruang PKL merupakan ekses langsung dari menguatnya sirkulasi kapital di Kota Ternate. Pada ranah teoritis, tesis ini mendiskusikan ulang konsep Henri Lefebvre mengenai ruang abstrak dan representasi ruang.

Ternate City continues to grow as a central city in North Moluccas which positions the service and trade sectors as the hearth of economic growth. In addition, business mobilization and the informal sector are scattered at the location of this research, namely the Central and South Ternate District, experienced population density and settlements that was part of the problem of urban space. This research tried to explain the production problem and reproduction of space with the interrelation of the informal sector. Considering this, the discussion covers the capitalization of space in the city area and the development of economic activity space. Data collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Then analyzed with the Neo-Marxist spatial analysis framework (Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey) indicated that; the lack of serious attention to spatial planning is increasingly a problem for the city. Space needs have an impact on the increasingly expensive land prices (fictitious capital). That effort to organize Ternate as a modern city are uniformed by capital accumulation and not socio-history. Reproduction of space is carried out following the trend of spatial division and market mechanism of big cities. This trend can be seen from the development of the Gamalama modern market in central Ternate and the reproduction of the reclamation room in southern Ternate. Informal workers are moved which results in reduced activity space and their income. The problem of street vendors is direct access to the strengthening circulation of capital in the city of Ternate. In theoretical shutter, this thesis discussed the concept of Henri Lefebvre concerning abstract space and representations of space.

Kata Kunci : Produksi Ruang, Sirkulasi Kapital, PKL, Kota Ternate/ The Production of Space, Capital Circulation, Street Vendors, Ternate City