Hubungan Drug-Related Problems Dengan Luaran Klinik Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada

TAUFIQUROHMAN, Prof. Dr. Zullies Ikawati, Apt; Dr. dr. Probosuseno, Sp. PD., K-Ger

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER FARMASI KLINIK

Drug related problems merupakan suatu kejadian yang tidak diharapkan yang dialami oleh pasien karena terapi obat, permasalahan tersebut benar-benar terjadi atau potensial terjadi yang dapat mempengaruhi outcome terapi yang diharapkan oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah dan kategori drug-related problems obat antidiabetik dengan luaran klinik pasien diabetes tipe 2 rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien yang menjalani rawat inap dengan diagnosis utama diabetes melitus tipe 2. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive nonrandom sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) Yogyakarta dengan populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit UGM selama periode Januari 2017 sampai dengan April 2018. Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis untuk mengidentifikasi kemungkinan terjadinya drug related problems pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Serta dilakukan penilaian apakah terdapat hubungan antara jumlah dan kategori drug related problems obat antidiabetes dengan luaran klinik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Sebanyak 81 pasien (71,05%) mengalami drug related problems dan 33 pasien (28,95%) tidak mengalami drug related problems. Total kejadian drug related problems sejumlah 195 kejadian, dengan rincian terapi obat tidak perlu sebanyak 56 kejadian (28,72%), butuh penambahan terapi obat sebanyak 32 kejadian (16,41%), obat salah sebanyak 15 kejadian (7,69%), dosis terlalu rendah sebanyak 53 kejadian (27,18%), reaksi obat merugikan sebanyak 21 kejadian (10,77%), dosis terlalu tinggi sebanyak 18 kejadian (9,23%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah kejadian drug related problems obat antidiabetes dengan ketercapaian luaran klinik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p = 0,273). Serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara kategori drug related problems obat antidiabetes dengan ketercapaian luaran klinik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.

Drug related problems are an unexpected event experienced by patients due to drug therapy, these problems actually occur or have potential to occur which can affect the outcome of the therapY. This study aims to determine the relationship between the number and categories of drug-related problems of antidiabetic drugs with clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized at the Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital. This research is non-experimental analytic study using a cross sectional design. Data retrieval was done retrospectively from the medical records of patients who were hospitalized with the main diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The sampling technique in this study was conducted by purposive nonrandom sampling. The data obtained were then analyzed to identify the possibility of drug related problems in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted in Medical Record Department of the Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital (RSA UGM) Yogyakarta during June 2018 to November 2018.The population of this study were all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at UGM Academic Hospital during the period January 2017 to April 2018. The sample of this study were all type 2 diabetes patients who were hospitalized at UGM Hospital and fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were free from exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed to identify the possibility of drug related problems in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was also assessed whether there was a relationship between the number and categories of drug related problems for antidiabetic drugs with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 81 patients (71.05%) experienced drug related problems and 33 patients (28.95%) did not experience drug related problems. The total incidence of drug related problems was 195 events, with details of unnecessary drug therapy 56 events (28.72%), need additional drug therapy was 32 events (16.41%), inappropriate drug 15 events (7.69%) , dosage too low 53 events (27.18%), adverse drug reactions 21 events (10.77%), dosage too high 18 events (9.23%). There is no relationship between the number of occurrences of drug related problems in antidiabetic drugs and the clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (p = 0.273). And there is no relationship between the category of drug related problems antidiabetic drugs with clinical outcome outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Kata Kunci : DM tipe 2, Jumlah DRPs, Kategori DRPs, luaran klinik