NANO SENG OKSIDA/TITANIUM DIOKSIDA SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIBAKTERI DAN UVPROTECTION PADA KAIN KATUN BERPEWARNA ALAMI GAMBIR

ANGGIE F ASOKAWATI, Dr. Ir. Edia Rahayuningsih, MS. / Sang Kompiang Wirawan, ST., MT., Ph.D.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK KIMIA

Kain katun merupakan salah satu serat alami yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan tekstil. Aktivitas manusia setiap harinya sering terpapar teriknya sinar matahari dimana mengandung sinar ultraviolet yang dapat mendegradasi warna tekstil. Selain itu, paparan bakteri dari keringat dan lingkungan luar dapat memberikan pengaruh kurang baik terhadap tekstil dan kesehatan manusia itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, usaha peningkatan ketahanan warna dan higenitas tekstil dengan pewarna alami perlu diteliti. Nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida dapat memberikan sifat UVprotection karena dapat menyerap sinar UV dan sebagai anti-bakteri karena dapat memanfaatkan sinar UV untuk membunuh bakteri yaitu Staphylococcus aereus dan dihasilkan karbon dioksida dan air. Karakteristik nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai agen anti-bakteri dan UV-protection. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menambahkan zat aditif yaitu nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida pada kain katun yang telah diwarnai dengan pewarna alami gambir untuk meningkatkan ketahanannya terhadap mikroorganisme dan ultraviolet. Sintesis nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida menggunakan metode sonokimia pada temperatur 30 derajat selsius dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Pada penelitian ini variasi variabel bebas meliputi konsentrasi larutan seng oksida/titanium dioksida (30, 60, 90 ppm), persentase berat seng oksida dalam seng oksida/titanium dioksida (20, 21, 22 persen), waktu sonikasi larutan nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida (20, 30, 40 menit) untuk mengetahui pengaruh terhadap ketahanan warna dan aktivitas bakteri pada kain katun berpewarna alami gambir yang telah dilapisi nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida. Pelapisan nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida menggunakan matode rendam yaitu merendam kain katun yang telah diwarnai oleh pewarna alami gambir pada larutan nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida selama 30 menit. Karakterisasi ukuran kristalit nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan Energy Disperse X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan kandugan senyawa titanium dan seng pada kain katun berpewarna alami gambir yang telah dicuci sebanyak tiga kali. Uji ketuaan warna diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi seberapa banyak warna yang ada pada serat kain katun yang telah dilapisi nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida setelah terpapar sinar ultraviolet selama 24 jam dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Persen daya hambat aktivitas bakteri merupakan indikator untuk melihat nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida dapat menghambat bakteri yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat bakteri disekitar sampel pada cawan petri. Melalui Response Surface Method (RSM) seluruh data dari uji ketuaan warna dan persen daya hambat aktivitas bakteri diolah dengan menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Minitab versi 18 untuk diperoleh interaksi antar variabel yang terkait dan kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini. Kondisi optimum nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida sebagai UV-protection diperoleh saat persentase berat seng oksida dalam seng oksida/titanium dioksida sebesar 22%, konsentrasi larutan seng oksida/titanium dioksida 90 ppm, dan waktu sonikasi larutan nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida selama 40 menit. Penambahan zat aditif nano seng oksida/titanium dioksida sebagai agen anti-bakteri tidak berhasil dikarenakan oleh ukuran partikel seng oksida/titanium dioksida sebesar 29,302-42,645 nm cenderung memantulkan sinar ultraviolet. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan tidak terbentuknya radikal bebas untuk merusak sel bakteri sehingga dapat menghasilkan air dan karbondioksida

Cotton fabric is one of the natural fibers that are often used as textile materials. The daily activity of people who were often exposed to sunlight which contains ultraviolet light, it is could degrade the color of textiles. In addition, the spread of bacteria could be through outside environment and sweat, it could have bad impact on textiles and human health. Therefore, development of color resistance and hygiene of textiles with natural dyes need to be investigated. Nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide could provide UV-protection properties because it could absorb ultraviolet light and could act as an anti-bacterial due to its capability to utilize ultraviolet light to inhibit Staphylococcus aereus bacteria’s activity and produced carbondioxide and water. The characteristics of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide were suitable for anti-bacterial and UV-protection agents. The purpose of this research was to add additives, namely nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide on cotton fabrics that had been dyed with natural dyes gambir to increase their resistance to microorganisms and ultraviolet. Synthesis of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide used sonochemical method at a temperature of 30 degree celcius and a pressure of 1 atmospher. In this research, the variation of independent variables included the concentration of zinc oxide/titanium dioxide solution (30, 60, 90 ppm), percentage of zinc oxide weight in zinc oxide/titanium dioxide(20, 21, 22 percent), sonication time of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide solution (20, 30, 40 minutes) to determine the effect on color resistance and bacterial activity on cotton fabric colored by gambir natural dye which had been coated with nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide. Coating of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide used dip method, which was dipping cotton fabric that had been dyed by gambir natural dyes in nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide solution for 30 minutes. Characterization of the crystallized size of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide was performed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Disperse X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were needed to indicate the presence and composition of titanium and zinc compounds in cotton fabric colored by gambir natural dyes and coated by nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide which had been washed three times. Color strength analysis was needed to evaluate how much color was absorbed by cotton fabric fibers that had been coated with nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide after exposing to ultraviolet light for 24 hours using spectrophotometer. Percent inhibition of bacterial activity was an indicator to observe that nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide can inhibit bacteria’s activity.This inhibition was characterized by the formation of bacterial inhibition zones around the samples in petri dishes. Through Response Surface Method (RSM) all data from the color strength analysis and percent inhibition of bacterial activity were processed using application of Minitab version 18 to obtain interaction between the related variables and optimum conditions in this research. The optimum condition of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide as UV protection was obtained when the percentage of zinc weight in zinc oxide/titanium dioxide was 22 percent, the concentration of zinc oxide/titanium dioxide solution was 90 ppm, and the sonication time of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide solution was 40 minutes. The addition of nano zinc oxide/titanium dioxide as anti-bacterial agents was not successful due zinc oxide/titanium dioxide particle size of 29,302-42,645 nm tends to reflect ultraviolet light. It could not act to inhibit bacteria to produce water and carbondioxide due to free radicals compound were not formed.

Kata Kunci : Gambir, Kain Katun, Nano ZnO/TiO2, Pewarna Alam / Cotton fabric, Gambir, Nano ZnO/TiO2, Natural Dye