Pengelolaan Bekas Danau Purba Borobudur Sebagai Komponen Penting Kawasan Strategis Nasional Borobudur

YENNY SUPANDI, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, M.A.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ARKEOLOGI

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui nilai penting danau purba Borobudur dan menentukan kebijakan maupun strategi pengelolaan yang tepat agar kelestariannya terjamin. Pendugaan nilai penting keberadaan danau purba dilakukan terutama dalam konteks hubungannya dengan lanskap budaya Borobudur, sedangkan upaya pelestarian danau purba dicoba didekati dengan prinsip-prinsip cultural resource management. Melalui kajian cosmo-religius diketahui bahwa Danau Purba Borobudur adalah representasi dari danau nirwana Anavatapta dalam kosmologi Buddhis. Dengan demikian, keberadaan Danau Purba Borobudur merupakan unsur penting dari lanskap budaya Borobudur yang menjadi penentu pemilihan lokasi pendirian Candi Borobudur. Nilai penting Danau Purba Borobudur harus dilestarikan. Kebijakan dan strategi yang diusulkan untuk mempertahankan nilai penting antara lain: (1) memberikan kepastian hukum pada sawah bekas Danau Purba Borobudur melalui revisi Peraturan Daerah; (2) membentuk sistem organisasi pengelola dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang ada; (3) konservasi fisik, interpretasi, dan presentasi sawah bekas Danau Purba Borobudur dilakukan melaui pemanfaatan yang berwawasan pelestarian nilai penting. Usulan pemanfaatan yang mengutamakan pelestarian nilai penting dan pengelolaan bekas danau purba Borobudur ini juga ditujukan untuk dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Cara-cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah: (1) mempertahankan pemanfaatan sebagai sawah dengan meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian; (2) modifikasi terbatas pada sawah bekas Danau Purba Borobudur untuk dijadikan daya tarik wisata (DTW); dan (3) merekonstruksi sawah bekas Danau Purba Borobudur menjadi danau buatan.

This study aims to assess the significance of Borobudur ancient lake in the context of preservation of the Borobudur Cultural Heritage Area and to design appropriate management policy and strategies to preserve it. The assessment of significance is based on the perception that Borobudur Ancient Lake was an integral part of the cultural landscape of Borobudur temple compound. Meanwhile, the preservation policy is design based on cultural resource management principles. This current research shows that in cosmo-religious perspective, the Borobudur Ancient Lake might have represented the Anavatapta, that is nirvana lake in the of Buddhism cosmology. Considering this, Borobudur Ancient Lake is indeed an important element of the Borobudur sacred landscape that determines the choice of the location of the Borobudur Temple. The significance of Borobudur Ancient Lake must be preserved. The policies and strategies proposed to maintain the significance of the remain of the ancient lake include: (1) provide legal assurance to the rice fields that used to be the extinct Borobudur Ancient Lake through Local Government Regulations; (2) establish a management organization system by utilizing existing resources; (3) physical conservation, interpretation, and presentation of the rice fields of the formerly Borobudur Ancient Lake are carried out through uses that are in line with the preservation of its significance. In preserving the remnant of Borobudur ancient lake, the policy should balance the effort to maintain the significance value of the cultural resource and the need of local population to increase their welfare. The suggested efforts include: (1) maintain the use of rice fields by increasing agricultural productivity; (2) limited modification to the rice fields of former Borobudur Ancient Lake to be a tourist attraction; (3) reconstructing the rice fields of former Borobudur Ancient Lake into an artificial lake.

Kata Kunci : Danau Purba Borobudur, nilai penting, Candi Borobudur, kosmologi, pengelolaan cagar budaya, Magelang, Borobudur Ancient Lake, Borobudur Temple Compounds, significance, cosmology, heritage management