INTERPELASI DAN RESPONS SUBJEK DALAM NOVEL THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK KARYA DORIS LESSING

BUYUNG ADE SAPUTRA, Dr. Aprinus Salam, M. Hum.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

Negara merupakan mesin kekuasaan yang memungkinkan kelas-kelas mempertahankan atau merebut kekuasaan. Negara tidak hanya dimaknai sebagai aparatus represif, tetapi juga aparatus ideologis dan melalui keduanya negara menginterpelasi individu menjadi subjek yang dikehendaki. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kategori interpelasi dan respons yang digambarkan di dalam novel; respons pengarang sebagai subjek terhadap interpelasi negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Althusser diawali dengan menganalisis secara tekstual untuk menemukan kategori interpelasi di dalam novel. Hasilnya dipertemukan dengan analisis konteks tempat kelahiran karya, lalu menarik kesimpulan respons Doris Lessing sebagai subjek. Novel menggambarkan empat aparatus ideologis seperti ISA keluarga, ISA media, ISA politik, ISA pendidikan. Dua aparatus pertama digambarkan lebih dominan dari dua aparatus setelahnya. Sementara itu, aparatus represif digambarkan hanya melalui RSA Polisi. Respons tokoh digambarkan di dalam novel terhadap interpelasi ideologis dan represif adalah misrekognisi dan rekognisi. Respons pengarang sebagai subjek adalah merekognisi interpelasi negara walaupun melakukan misrekognisi di awal interpelasi. Peneltian ini berkesimpulan terdapat kecenderungan respons subjek yang dihasilkan oleh interpelasi negara. Pemberdayaan aparatus represif oleh negara cenderung mendapatkan respons misrekognisi dari subjek. Sementara itu, subjek cenderung merekognisi interpelasi dalam pemberdayaan aparatus ideologis.

A state is a machine which allows the classes to defend or seize its power. It is not only interpreted as repressive apparatus but also ideological apparatus and through both of its status, the state interpellates individual to be its subject. This research focuses on the category of interpellation and the response which are portrayed in the novel; the response of the writer as a subject towards the state's interpellation. This research which applies the theory of Althusser starts with textual analysis to find out the category of interpellation in the novel. The result is matched with the analysis of the novel's context then it concludes Doris Lessing's response as a subject. The novel portrays four ideological state apparatuses such as ISA family, ISA media, ISA party, ISA scholastic. The former two is dominant than the letter respectively. Meanwhile, the repressive apparatus is only portrayed by RSA police. The responses of the character of the novel are misrecognition and recognition. The response of the writer is a recognition towards the state's interpellation even though the subject did a misrecognition in the beginning. This research concludes there is a tendency of the response of the subject which is produced by the state's interpellation. The empowerment of the repressive apparatus by the state tends to get the misrecognition by the subject. Furthermore, the subject tends to recognise the interpellation of the ideological apparatus.

Kata Kunci : Negara, interpelasi, aparatus represif, aparatus ideologis, subjek.