Mitigasi Risiko dan Analisis Struktur Biaya Logistik pada Rantai Pasok Telur Ayam Ras Menggunakan Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk) di Kabupaten Sleman

NURCAHYO PADMA S, Dr. Ir. Adi Djoko Guritno, MSIE.; Dr. Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko, STP., MP.; Dr. Nafis Khuriyati, STP., M.Agr.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Telur ayam ras merupakan produk yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh manusia dibandingkan produk-produk peternakan lainnya. Telur ayam ras memiliki sifat mudah pecah sehingga dapat merugikan dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas di sepanjang rantai pasok. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dalam rantai pasok telur ayam ras, menganalisis struktur biaya logistik, membuat mitigasi risiko terkait biaya logistik untuk mencegah risiko yang ada, dan membuat strategi dalam rantai pasok. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan purposive dan snowball sampling melalui indepth interview kepada pelaku rantai pasok. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Analisis risiko menggunakan Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk) dan analisis struktur biaya logistik menggunakan Activity-Based Costing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya risiko bencana alam, terkait pasar, biologis dan lingkungan, logistik dan infrastruktur, serta manajemen dan operasional dalam rantai pasok telur ayam ras. Tier peternak memiliki kerentanan terhadap risiko kerusakan telur di kandang, kerusakan saat transportasi, erupsi Gunung Merapi, ternak terkena penyakit, dan perubahan permintaan. Tier pengepul memiliki kerentanan terhadap risiko perubahan harga dan perubahan permintaan. Tier pedagang besar memiliki kerentanan terhadap risiko perubahan permintaan. Analisis struktur biaya logistik menunjukkan biaya terbesar terdapat pada biaya on-farm sebesar 76,42%, biaya transportation sebesar 9,78%, biaya material handling sebesar 9,71%, biaya procurement sebesar 2,21%, biaya inventory sebesar 1%, biaya maintenance sebesar 0,7%, dan biaya information sebesar 0,19%. Penelitian menyimpulkan adanya keterkaitan struktur biaya logistik dengan tindakan mitigasi risiko yang optimal pada rantai pasok telur ayam ras.

Chicken egg is the product that consumed the most by humans compared to other farm products. Chicken egg is fragile and it caused detriment in quality and quantity along the supply chain. This study is aimed to identify existing risks in the supply chain of chicken egg, analyze the cost structure of logistics, mitigate risks associated with logistics costs to prevent the risks involved, and suggest supply chain strategy. This research was conducted by purposive and snowball sampling method through in-depth interview to the respondents throughout the supply chain. This study was done in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Risk analysis method using the Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk) and logistics costs structure analysis using Activity-Based Costing. The results showed there are natural disaster risk, market risk, biological and environment risk, logistics and infrastructure risk, management and operations risk in the supply chain of chicken egg. The farmers are vulnerable to risks of: egg damaged in the cage, egg damaged in transportation, eruption of Mount Merapi, livestock affected by disease, and changes in demand. The collectors are vulnerable to the risks of: price changes and changes in demand. The wholesalers have a vulnerability to the risk of changes in demand. Analysis of logistics cost structure showed that the dominant cost is identified in on-farm cost that contribute to 76,42%, of the total logistics cost. The next cost is transportation cost that contribute to 9,78%, followed by material handling cost that contribute 9,71%, procurement cost contribute 2,21%, inventory cost contribute 1%, maintenance cost contribute 0,7%, and information cost contribute 0,19%. This study concluded that there is a linkage between the structure of logistics costs and mitigation activities to prevent risks throughout supply chain of chicken egg.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen risiko, rantai pasok, RapAgRisk, struktur biaya logistik, telur ayam ras / Chicken egg, logistics costs, RapAgRisk, risk management, supply chain