KUALITAS PERMUKIMAN DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PENGHUNI DI KECAMATAN UMBULHARJO, KOTA YOGYAKARTA

ANDI SASHA DANIELLA, Dr.rer.pol. Dyah Widiyastuti, S.T., M. CP.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Kecamatan Umbulharjo merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang memiliki persentase penduduk tertinggi di Kota Yogyakarta. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang tinggal dan bermukim mengakibatkan terjadiya perubahan fisik cukup pesat. Kecamatan Umbulharjo pun mengalami perubahan penurunan kualitas pemukiman. Penurunan kualitas menyebabkan timbulnya permukiman kumuh di beberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi penghuni, mengidentifikasi kualitas permukiman, dan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara karakteristik sosial ekonomi penghuni dan kualitas permukiman di Kecamatan Umbulharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode cluster sampling yang dilanjutkan dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode cluster sampling digunakan untuk pemilihan area penelitian menjadi permukiman kumuh dan tidak kumuh. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk pemilihan sampel yang diambil setiap RW di masing-masing Kelurahan di Kecamatan Umbulharjo. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, obervasi, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kondisi sosial ekonomi penghuni di Kecamatan Umbulharjo sudah cukup baik. Namun, interaksi penghuni terhadap lingkungan permukiman kurang intensif, terbukti dari rutinitas kegiatan kerja bakti yang jarang. Selain itu, dari segi ekonomi banyak penghuni yang belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tersier.Tingkat kualitas permukiman di Kecamatan Umbulharjo termasuk sedang. Kondisi bangunan rumah sebagian besar sudah layak huni. Kondisi sarana prasarana lingkungan sudah cukup baik. Permukiman di Kecamatan Umbulharjo tergolong permukiman dengan kepadatan yang tinggi sehingga banyak ditemui bangunan-bangunan rumah yang saling berhimpitan. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi penghuni dengan kualitas permukiman memiliki korelasi dengan kualitas permukiman sehingga kondisi sosial ekonomi penghuni mempengaruhi kualitas permukiman di Kecamatan Umbulharjo.

Umbulharjo sub-district was one of the sub-districts that had the highest percentage of the population in the city of Yogyakarta. Increase in the number of living had resulted in a fairly rapid physical change. Umbulharjo Subdistrict also experienced a change in the quality of settlements. The decline in quality caused the emergence of slums in several regions. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the socio-economic characteristics of settlements, identifying the quality of settlements, and identifying the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of settlements and the quality of settlements in Umbulharjo District. This study used a quantitative approach with survey methods. The sample selection used the cluster sampling method followed by the purposive sampling method. The cluster sampling method is used for the selection of research areas into slums and not slums. The purposive sampling method was used to select samples taken from each RW (Rukun Warga) in each Kelurahan in Umbulharjo District. Data collection is done by means of interviews, observation, and secondary data collection. The analytical method used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicated that the socio-economic conditions of settlements in Umbulharjo District were quite good. However, the interaction of settlements environment is less intensive, as evidenced by the routine work activities. In addition, in terms of the economy, many settlements had not been able to meet tertiary needs. The level of quality of settlements in Umbulharjo District was moderate. The condition of most house buildings was habitable. The condition of environmental facilities was quite good. Settlements in Umbulharjo Subdistrict were classified as high-density settlements so that there were many houses that were huddled together. The socio-economic characteristics of the occupants with the quality of settlements had a correlation with the quality of settlements so that the settlements' socio-economic conditions affected the quality of settlements in Umbulharjo Subdistrict.

Kata Kunci : kualitas permukiman, kondisi sosial, kondisi ekonomi/settlement quality, social condition, economic condition