PENGARUH TINGKAT DEMOKRATIS POLA PENGASUHAN ORANG TUA DAN TINGKAT EFFORTFUL CONTROL TEMPERAMEN ANAK TERHADAP PERILAKU ANAK DALAM TINDAKAN PROFILAKSIS GIGI DI SEKOLAH (Kajian pada Anak Pra Sekolah di Kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta)

NURDIANA DEWI, drg. Sri Kuswandari, M.S., Sp.KGA(K), PhD; drg. Putri Kusuma W.M., M.Kes., Sp.KGA(K)

2019 | Tesis-Spesialis | KEDOKTERAN GIGI ANAK

Perilaku anak yang tidak kooperatif sering terjadi dalam prosedur perawatan gigi. Perilaku ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pola pengasuhan orang tua dan temperamen anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh tingkat demokratis pola pengasuhan orang tua dan tingkat effortful control temperamen anak terhadap perilaku anak dalam tindakan profilaksis gigi di sekolah. Penelitian analitik observasional dilakukan pada 62 subyek anak prasekolah yang belum pernah melakukan perawatan gigi sebelumnya beserta orang tuanya. Tingkat demokratis pola pengasuhan orang tua diukur dengan modifikasi Parenting Styles and Dimensional Questionnaire-Short Version (PSDQ-SV) dan tingkat effortful control temperamen anak diukur dengan modifikasi Children's Behavioral Questioner-Very Short Form (CBQ-VSF). Perilaku anak dinilai menggunakan Frankl Behavior Scale (FBS). Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman dan regresi logistik. Koefisien korelasi bermakna jika nilai p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara tingkat demokratis pola pengasuhan orang tua terhadap perilaku anak (r= 0,328; p=0,009) dan nilai R2 adalah 16%. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara tingkat efforful control temperamen anak dengan perilaku anak (p=0,316). Disimpulkan bahwa tingkat demokratis pola pengasuhan orang tua berpengaruh terhadap perilaku anak dalam tindakan profilaksis gigi di sekolah dengan besarnya pengaruh adalah 16%, sedangkan tingkat temperamen anak effortful control tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku anak dalam tindakan profilaksis gigi di sekolah.

Uncooperative children's behavior are common encounters in the daily dental clinical situation. This behavior can be influenced by parenting style and child's temperament. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of authoritative level of parenting style and effortful control level of child's temperament on child's behavior in dental prophylaxis at school. An analytic observational study was conducted on 62 preschoolers who had never received dental treatment before and their parents. Authoritative level of parenting style was measured by modification of Parenting Styles and Dimensional Questionnaire-Short Version (PSDQ-SV) and effortful control level of child's temperament was measured by modification of Children 's Behavioral Questioner-Very Short Form (CBQ-VSF). Child's behavior was assessed using Frankl Behavior Scale (FBS). The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered as significance level. Results showed that there was a correlation between authoritative level of parenting style and child's behavior (r=0.328; p = 0.009) and R2 value was 16%. There was no correlation between effortful control level of child's temperament and child's behavior (p= 0.316). It can be concluded that authoritative level of parenting styles directly impacts child's behavior in the dental prophylaxis procedure at schools with the magnitude of the impact was 16%, while effortful control level of child's temperament did not impacts child's behavior.

Kata Kunci : Tingkat demokratis pola pengasuhan orang tua, tingkat effortful control temperamen anak, perilaku anak, profilaksis gigi / Authoritative level of parenting style, effortful control level of child�s