PROFIL LABORATORIUM PASIEN KANKER NASOFARING DI RSUP Dr. SARDJITO TAHUN 2015-2016

William Andreas Siagian, dr. Elizabeth Henny Herningtyas, M.Si., Ph.D., Sp.PK ; dr. Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Ph.D., Sp.PD-KHOM

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar Belakang: Kanker nasofaring merupakan salah satu keganasan di bidang telinga hidung tenggorokan yang sering ditemukan dan angka kematiannya relatif tinggi. Berdasarkan GLOBOCAN (IARC), diperkirakan terdapat 87.000 kasus baru kanker nasofaring muncul setiap tahunnya di dunia, serta 51.000 kematian akibat kanker nasofaring. Di Indonesia, diperkirakan angka prevalensi kanker nasofaring mencapai 4.4/100000. Pendataan profil klinikopatologi dan profil laboratorium untuk pasien kanker nasofaring masih sangat sedikit dilakukan di Indonesia. Untuk itu diperlukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai profil laboratorium pasien kanker nasofaring di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil laboratorium pasien kanker nasofaring pada saat terdiagnosis dan setelah dilakukan terapi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta pada periode tahun 2015-2016 Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian berupa deskriptif analitik. Sampel diambil dari rekam medis pasien kanker nasofaring di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dalam periode 2015 sampai 2016. Semua pasien kanker nasofaring yang terdiagnosis dan / atau diterapi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito serta memiliki data pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratorium termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi. Penderita keganasan selain penderita kanker nasofaring termasuk kriteria eksklusi. Hasil: Dari 84 subjek didapatkan bahwa rerata usia pasien kanker nasofaring sebesar 46 ± 12,4 tahun dan didominasi oleh laki-laki. Sebanyak 54,7% pasien sebelum terapi memiliki kadar hemoglobin rendah dengan rerata sebesar 11±0.74 g/dL dan 89,3% pasien setelah terapi memiliki kadar hemoglobin rendah dengan rerata sebesar 10.06±1.2. Sebanyak 50% pasien sebelum terapi mengalami kadar hematokrit normal dengan rerata sebesar 43.03±1.989 U/L dan sebanyak 84,2% pasien setelah terapi memiliki kadar hematokrit rendah dengan rerata sebesar 33±3.86. Terdapat 71,4% pasien sebelum terapi pasien sebelum terapi mengalami limfositopenia, dengan rerata sebesar 20.1 ± 7.3 g/dL. Terdapat 83,3% pasien sebelum terapi dan 71,8% pasien setelah terapi mengalami kadar kreatinin normal dengan rerata sebesar 0.9± 0.1 dan 0.9±0.14 . Simpulan: Karsinoma nasofaring paling banyak terjadi pada dekade keempat kehidupan dan lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki. Sebagian besar pasien mengalami anemia dan penurunan nilai hematokrit serta limfosit yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan limfosit.

Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the ear nose throat area and the mortality rate is relatively high. Based on GLOBOCAN (IARC), it is estimated that there are 87,000 new cases of nasopharyngeal cancer appearing every year in the world, and 51,000 deaths from nasopharyngeal cancer. In Indonesia, the estimated prevalence of nasopharyngeal cancer reaches 4.4 / 100000. Data collection on clinicopathological profiles and laboratory profiles for nasopharyngeal cancer patients is still very little done in Indonesia. For this reason, further studies are needed regarding the laboratory profile of nasopharyngeal cancer patients at Dr. RSUP. Sardjito. Objective: This study aims to describe the laboratory profile of nasopharyngeal cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and after therapy at RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta in 2015-2016. Method: This research is a retrospective study using a descriptive analytic research design. Samples were taken from medical records of nasopharyngeal cancer patients at Dr. RSUP Sardjito Yogyakarta in the period 2015 to 2016. All nasopharyngeal cancer patients diagnosed and / or treated at Dr. RSUP Sardjito and have clinical and laboratory examination data included in the inclusion criteria. Patients with malignancies in addition to patients with nasopharyngeal cancer include exclusion criteria. Result: From 84 subjects, it was found that the average age of nasopharyngeal cancer patients was 46 ± 12.4 years and was dominated by men. 54.7% of patients before therapy had a low hemoglobin level with a mean of 11 ± 0.74 g / dL and 89.3% of patients after therapy had a low hemoglobin level with an average of 10.06 ± 1.2. 50% of patients before therapy experienced normal hematocrit levels with a mean of 43.03 ± 1,989 U / L and as much as 84.2% of patients after therapy had low hematocrit levels with an average of 33 ± 3.86. There were 71.4% of patients before therapy and 43.2% of patients after therapy had lymphocytopenia, with a mean of 16.7 ± 5.18 g / dL and 13.9 ± 6.3. There were 83.3% of patients before therapy and 71.8% of patients after therapy experienced normal creatinine levels with an average of 0.9 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.14. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is most common in the fourth decade of life and is more common in men. Most patients experience anemia and a decrease in hematocrit and lymphocyte values which are characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte levels.

Kata Kunci : kanker nasofaring, profil, laboratorium, profil hematologi, profil kimia darah / nasopharyngeal cancer, laboratorium profile, hematology profile, blood chemistry profile.