Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Terkait Bahaya Pestisida dengan Dermatitis Okupasional Pada Petani Sayur di Kecamatan Ngablak Magelang

AGHNIA PURNAMA PUTRI, dr. Dyah Ayu Mira Oktarina, Ph.D, SpKK;Dr. Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor terbanyak di Indonesia. Penggunaan pestisida sering dilakukan oleh para petani guna membunuh organisme pengganggu. Namun pestisida memiliki dampak negatif yang mungkin ditimbulkan salah satunya adalah dermatitis okupasional. Banyak petani yang kurang peduli bahkan tidak mengetahui efek yang akan dialami jika terus terpapar pestisida. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan terkait bahaya pestisida dengan kejadian dermatitis okupasional pada petani sayur di Kecamatan Ngablak, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan terkait bahaya pestisida dengan kejadian dermatitis okupasional pada petani sayur di Kecamatan Ngablak, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Metodologi: Rancangan yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional). Lokasi penelitian berada di Kecamatan Ngablak, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 105 petani sayur yang ditentukan dari besar populasi dengan teknik menggunakan metode non-probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling. Data yang didapat diambil dengan menggunakan kuisioner Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) yang sudah terstandarisasi dan juga dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis oleh dokter spesialis kulit. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan terkait pestisida dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri terhadap dermatitis okupasional dengan didapatkan nilai P<0,05. Sedangkan untuk frekuensi penggunaan pestisida dengan dermatitis okupasional dengan didapatkan nilai P>0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan terkait penggunaan pestisida dengan dermatitis okupasional, sehingga penting bagi para petani untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai bahaya pestisida. Hasil positif terkena dermatitis okuapasional sebanyak 70,48%. Kata Kunci: pengetahuan, petani, pestisida, penyakit kulit, dermatitis okupasional, frekuensi penggunaan pestisida, alat pelindung diri.

ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia is one of the developing countries and is an agricultural country which causes agriculture to have an important role in the country's economic growth. According to data from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics for residents aged 15 years and over in August 2017 there were 35,923,886 of 121,022,423 working in the agriculture, plantation, forestry, hunting and fisheries sectors. Therefore, the use of pesticides has become commonplace and needed by farmers in Indonesia. Protection is one of the first steps that is highly recommended to reduce the impact. As many as 20% -30% of most occupational diseases are occupational skin diseases. Dermatitis occupational reaches 85% 98% of all occupational skin diseases. The impact of dermatitis occupational is often underestimated by most Indonesian farmers. Even though the impact can affect the decline in the quality of work for farmers. Therefore it is necessary to conduct research to determine the level of knowledge related to the dangers of pesticides with dermatitis occupational in vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang, Central Java. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge related to the dangers of pesticides and the incidence of dermatitis occupational in vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang, Central Java. Methodology: This study will be carried out with the design used in this study is analytic observational using cross sectional design. The research location was in Ngablak Subdistrict, Magelang, Central Java. The sample size determined from the large population with the technique using a non-probability sampling method, namely purposive sampling. A total of 105 vegetable farmers were exposed to pesticides in Ngablak Subdistrict, Magelang, Central Java, which included inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained was taken using the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire which was standardized and also carried out clinical examinations by dermatologist. Results: There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the use of personal protective equipment with dermatitis occupational characterized by a p.value <0.05. As for the frequency of spraying with dermatitis occupational has no significant relationship, indicated by a p.value> 0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge related to the use of pesticides with dermatitis occupational, so it is important for farmers to increase the level of knowledge about the dangers of pesticides. Positive results for dermatitis occupational were 70.48%. Keywords: knowledge, farmers, pesticide, occupational skin disease, dermatitis occupational, frequency of pesticide, protective equipment.

Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, petani, pestisida, penyakit kulit, dermatitis okupasional, frekuensi penggunaan pestisida, alat pelindung diri.