RESILIENSI HUTAN DI KAWASAN SUAKA MARGASATWA PALIYAN

ANUGRAH SANDI RIZQI, Dr. Wahyu Wardhana, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan sebelum ditunjuk sebagai suaka margasatwa (SM) merupakan kawasan hutan produksi yang telah mengalami kerusakan akibat tingginya penjarahan hutan dan kegiatan perladangan. Sebagai upaya pemulihan ekosistem, program rehabilitasi telah dilakukan di Kawasan SM Paliyan, yaitu Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (GNRHL) tahun 2003-2004 dan Proyek Rehabilitasi dan Regenerasi Suaka Margasawa Paliyan tahun 2005-2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proses berubahnya ekosistem dan mengambil pembelajaran dari intervensi rehabilitasi yang telah dilakukan di SM Paliyan. Analisis perubahan penutupan lahan digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan penutupan lahan karena kegiatan rehabilitasi. Analisis resiliensi digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan ekosistem SM Paliyan. Analisis gap digunakan untuk mengambil pembelajaran dari implementasi rehabilitasi di SM Paliyan. Dari analisis perubahan penutupan lahan diketahui bahwa rehabilitasi telah mampu meningkatkan penutupan vegetasi di SM Paliyan. Hasil model perubahan ekosistem selama periode tahun 2000-2018 menunjukkan bahwa intervensi rehabilitasi telah menyebabkan tiga fase perubahan kondisi ekosistem SM Paliyan. Fase pertama merupakan fase pergeseran rezim dari ekosistem yang didominasi ladang/tegalan menjadi dominasi hutan lahan rendah sekunder. Fase kedua merupakan fase peningkatan level resiliensi ekosistem dengan dominasi hutan lahan rendah sekunder. Fase ketiga merupakan fase ekosistem SM Paliyan yang telah resilien (stabil). Perbelajaran dari implementasi rehabilitasi di SM Paliyan yaitu, rehabilitasi telah mampu mengubah kondisi ekosistem dan menjaga ekosistem tetap resilien dengan dominasi hutan lahan rendah sekunder. Rehabilitasi yang dilakukan menghasilkan vegetasi yang keanekaragamannya masih rendah dan berbeda dengan jenis asli ekosistem SM Paliyan sehingga perlu adanya pengkayaan jenis atau kegiatan restorasi ekosistem di SM Paliyan.

Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary before designed as a wildlife sanctuary was a production forest that had been damaged by the high rate of forest looting and cultivation. As an effort to recover the ecosystem, rehabilitation programs have been carried out in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary namely Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (GNRHL) in 2003-2004 and Project of Rehabilitation and Regeneration of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary in 2005-2011. This research aims to determine the process of the ecosystem change and take lesson from rehabilitation interventions in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. Land cover changes analysis is used to determine land cover changes due to rehabilitations. Resilience analysis is used to determine ecosystem change of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. Gap analysis is used to take lesson from the implementation of rehabilitations in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. Land cover change analysis shows that rehabilitations have been able to increase vegetation cover in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. Resilience analysis indicate that rehabilitations have caused three phases of ecosystem changes in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. First phase is a regime shift phase from dominated by fields/moor to dominated by secondary lowland forest. Second phase is ecosystem resilience level increasement phase with dominated by secondary lowland forest. The third phase is Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary ecosystem has been resilient (stable) phase. Learning from the implementation of rehabilitations in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary is rehabilitations have been able to change the condition of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary ecosystem and keep the ecosystem resilient with dominated by secondary lowland forest. Rehabilitations that have been carried out resulted low diversity of vegetation and its species is still different from the nativel species of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary, so species enrichment or ecosystem restoration is needed in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary.

Kata Kunci : Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, Intervensi, Rehabilitasi, Perubahan Ekosistem