KELIMPAHAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR SELULOLITIK PADA SERESAH CEMARA UDANG (Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.) DI PESISIR KUWARU BANTUL YOGYAKARTA

MIFTAKHUR ROHMAH, Handojo Hadi Nurjanto, Haryono Supriyo

2010 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Lahan di pesisir Kuwaru memiliki sifat antara lain kecepatan angin yang tinggi, kandungan garam tinggi dan suhu tinggi sehingga kelembabannya rendah. Selain itu, tanah bertekstur pasiran sehingga kemampuan menyimpan air rendah dan unsur haranya belum tersedia. Hal ini menyebabkan jarang vegetasi yang tumbuh akibatnya bahan organik sangat sedikit. Cemara Udang ditanam untuk mengatasi kondisi lingkungan ini, sehingga bahan organik yang berupa seresah mulai tersedia. Dengan adanya seresah, maka proses dekomposisi bahan organik mulai terjadi. Proses dekomposisi dilakukan oleh hewan invertebrata dan mikroorganisme tanah. Kondisi lingkungan yang terbentuk menguntungkan bagi mikroorganisme, salah satunya jamur selulolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan jamur total dan jamur selulolitik pada pertanaman Cemara Udang dan mengidentifikasi jenis jamur selulolitik yang ada. Pengambilan sampel seresah dan tanah dilakukan pada pertanaman Cemara Udang di pesisir pantai Kuwaru dan pengambilan data dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Pohon Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Metode Plate Count untuk menghitung kelimpahan jamur total maupun jamur selulolitik dan metode Moist Chamber untuk identifikasi jamur selulolitik. Kelimpahan jamur total dan jamur selulolitik di pertanaman Cemara Udang pesisir Kuwaru tertinggi terdapat pada plot jauh dari pantai. Kelimpahan jamur total tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan seresah terfragmentasi sebesar 23.17x10? cfu (colony forming unit), diikuti lapisan tanah sebesar 20.97x10? cfu dan paling sedikit pada lapisan seresah segar sebesar 16.43x10? cfu. Kelimpahan jamur selulolitik tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan seresah terfragmentasi yaitu sebesar 2.45x10? cfu, diikuti lapisan tanah sebesar 2.38x10? cfu dan terendah terdapat pada lapisan seresah segar 1.71x10? cfu. Identifikasi jamur selulolitik diperoleh hasil sebanyak 5 genus dan 1 isolat tidak teridentifikasi. Genus-genus tersebut adalah Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Bipolaris, Paecilomyces dan Chaetomium.

Kuwaru coast land is characterized by strong wind, high sodium content and high temperature so it is low in humidity. Additionally, sand textured soil possesses low water holding capacity and low quantity of available nutrients. This causes rare vegetation that grow and few organic matters are available. Casuarina equisetifolia has been planted to improve the condition. The growth of this tree has produced litter which serves as material for decomposition by invertebrates and microorganisms, particulary cellulolytic fungi. This study aimed to assess population of total and cellulolytic fungi in C. equisetifolia litter and to identify the genera of the cellulolytic fungi. Samples of leaf litter were collected from C. equisetifolia plantation in Kuwaru coast, whilst counting and identification of the fungi were carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Forestry, UGM. Plate Count method was used to count the total and cellulolitic fungi. The moist chamber method was used to facilitate the identification of the cellulolitic fungi. The abundance of total fungi and cellulolitic fungi at the C. equisetifolia plantation of Kuwaru coast were the highest in plots far away from the beach. The total fungi was found the highest in fragmented litter, as much as 23.17x10? cfu (colony forming units), followed by in soil layer as much of 20.97x10? cfu and the lowest was in the litter as much of 16.43x10? cfu. Similarly, the abundance of cellulolytic fungi was found the highest in fragmented litter as much as 2.45x10? cfu, followed by in soil layer as much as 2.38x10? cfu and the lowest was in the litter as much of 1.71x10? cfu. Identification of cellulolitic fungi found 5 genus, namely Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Bipolaris, Paecilomyces and Chaetomium, and 1 unidentified fungal isolat.

Kata Kunci : Cemara Udang, seresah, tanah, jamur selulolitik.