PENGARUH WAKTU EKSTRAKSI DAN METODE PENGEMPAAN TERHADAP SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL TANPA PEREKAT LIMBAH PENGETAMAN KAYU JATI (Tectona grandis L.f)

DONNY HERU PRASETYO, Ragil Widyorini

2010 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Salah satu pemanfaatan limbah kayu jati secara optimal dapat dilakukan dengan pembuatan produk papan partikel. Pada umumnya pembuatan papan partikel menggunakan perekat berbasis formaldehida yang berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Teknologi papan partikel tanpa perekat merupakan alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir permasalahan emisi formaldehida. Kualitas papan partikel tanpa perekat yang dihasilkan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya komposisi kimia bahan baku dan metode pengempaan panas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh waktu ekstraksi dan metode pengempaan terhadap sifat papan partikel tanpa perekat limbah pengetaman kayu jati (Tectona grandis L.f). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor, yaitu waktu ekstraksi (tanpa ekstraksi, ekstraksi 1,5 jam, dan 3 jam) dan metode pengempaan (satu langkah (pengempaan selama 15 menit) dan tiga langkah (pengempaan 5 menit; pembukaan 30 detik; pengempaan 10 menit)), dengan suhu kempa 200oC. Sifat fisika dan mekanika papan diuji sesuai Standar JIS A 5908- 1994, meliputi: kerapatan, kadar air, penyerapan air, pengembangan tebal, keteguhan rekat internal, modulus patah, dan modulus elastisitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi waktu ekstraksi dan metode pengempaan hanya berpengaruh terhadap kadar air papan. Penghilangan ekstraktif selama 3 jam dapat meningkatkan sifat kerapatan, stabilitas dimensi, dan modulus elastisitas papan. Metode pengempaan satu langkah lebih baik daripada tiga langkah, dimana dapat meningkatkan sifat stabilitas dimensi, keteguhan rekat internal, modulus patah, dan modulus elastisitas. Hasil terbaik dihasilkan dari ekstraksi partikel selama 3 jam dengan metode pengempaan satu langkah, yaitu kerapatan 0,68 g/cm3, kadar air 5,6%, penyerapan air 14,64%, pengembangan tebal 1,14%, keteguhan rekat internal 0,87 kg/cm2, modulus patah 52,11 kg/cm2, modulus elastisitas 17137,37 kg/cm2.

Particleboard is an option for optimal utilization of teak wood wastes. The production of particleboards which is glued with formaldehyde resin has a negative effect on the human health. The binderless particleboard is one of the alternatives, that has been considered to minimize the formaldehida emission problem. The quality of binderless particleboard was affected by some factors, such as chemical composition of materials and hot pressing method. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of extraction time and pressing method on the properties of binderless particleboards from shaving wastes of teak (Tectona grandis L.f). This study was conducted by using the completely randomized design with two factors: extraction time (without extraction, 1,5-hour, and 3-hour extractions) and pressing method (one stage pressing (pressing for 15 minutes) and three stages pressing (pressing for 5 minutes; releasing for 30 seconds; pressing for 10 minutes), with pressing temperature of 200oC. The board properties were then evaluated according to JIS A 5908-1994 Standard for: density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, internal bonding, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity. The result showed that interaction of extraction time and pressing method only affected on the moisture content level of boards. Removal of extractives by 3-hour extraction could increase the density, dimension stability and modulus of elasticity of the boards. One stage pressing method was better than three stages method, of which it could increase dimension stability, internal bonding, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of boards. The best properties of binderless particleboard were obtained from particles by extraction during 3 hours and one stage pressing method, which had density of 0,68 g/cm3, moisture content of 5,6%, water absorption of 14,64%, thickness swelling of 1,14%, internal bonding 0,87 of kg/cm2, modulus of rupture of 52,11 kg/cm2, and modulus of elasticity of 17137,37 kg/cm2.

Kata Kunci : papan partikel tanpa perekat, waktu ekstraksi, metode pengempaan, jati