TOLERANSI TANAMAN PENEDUH Polyalthia longifolia dan Pterocarpus indicus TERHADAP Ganoderma sp. ISOLAT KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

INDIRA RIASTIWI, Harjono, S. M. Widyastuti

2010 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Tanaman peneduh yang ada wilayah kampus Universitas Gadjah Mada merupakan salah satu faktor yang mendukung kenyamanan proses belajar mengajar. Namun Ganoderma spp., penyebab penyakit busuk akar merah telah menyerang sebagian tanaman peneduh yang ada. Pemilihan jenis pohon peneduh belum berdasarkan ketahanan terhadap serangan Ganoderma sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekerabatan isolat Ganoderma spp. yang ada serta ketahanan Polyalthia longifolia (glodokan) dan Pterocarpus indicus (angsana) terhadap Ganoderma sp. Isolat jamur patogen didapatkan dari sekeliling Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian UGM. Beberapa pendekatan dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, yaitu: (1) identifikasi pohon yang sakit dan isolasi penyebab penyakit, (2) karakterisasi koloni Ganoderma spp. secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, (3) uji Postulat Koch, serta (4) uji toleransi P. longifolia dan P. indicus terhadap Ganoderma sp. Hasil isolasi Ganoderma spp. di sekeliling Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian UGM diperoleh enam isolat, yang diduga memiliki kekerabatan dekat berdasarkan kenampakan tubuh buah dan morfologi koloni secara in vitro. Uji toleransi P. longifolia dan P. indicus terhadap Ganoderma sp. membuktikan bahwa P. longifolia lebih tahan terhadap infeksi Ganoderma sp. dibandingkan P. indicus. Sebagai rekomendasi, P. longifolia merupakan jenis yang sesuai sebagai pohon peneduh di wilayah kampus UGM, terutama pada lokasi?lokasi yang telah diketahui mengandung sumber inokulum Ganoderma sp.

Urban trees on the campus of Universitas Gadjah Mada play an important role in increasing environmental qualities as well as in supporting the teaching and learning processes. However, red root rot disease caused by Basidiomycete Ganoderma sp. has severely infected some existing urban trees. This experiment was aimed at learning: (1) the relationship among isolates of Ganoderma spp. based on the similarity of morphological appearances, and (2) the susceptibility of Polyalthia longifolia (glodokan) and Pterocarpus indicus (angsana) to infection with Ganoderma sp. Identification of infected trees was performed around the area of the Agricultural Technology Faculty, UGM. Further steps were carried out to achieve those objectives, i.e.: (1) isolation of Ganoderma spp. found on the infected trees, (2) characterization of the colonies of Ganoderma spp. based on the morphological appearance macroscopically and microscopically, (3) testing of Koch's postulate, and (4) examination of the susceptibility of P. longifolia and P. indicus to infection with Ganoderma sp. Six isolates of Ganoderma spp. were obtained from several different tree species. Those Ganoderma spp. isolates were suspected to have close relationships, based on the observation of fruiting bodies and in vitro colony morphologies. The susceptibility test of P. longifolia and P. indicus to Ganoderma sp. indicated that P. longifolia was more resistant to fungal pathogen infection than that of P. indicus. Therefore, P. longifolia, but not P.indicus, should be planted on the areas that have been infested with inoculums of Ganoderma sp.

Kata Kunci : Ganoderma, Polyalthia longifolia, Pterocarpus indicus, ketahanan tanaman