ANALISIS KOMUNITAS POHON TINGKAT SEMAI PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) PT INTI INDOSAWIT SUBUR TUNGKAL ULU, JAMBI

RENDY ENGGAR SUWANDI, Soewarno Hasanbahri

2010 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Konversi hutan menjadi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu ancaman terbesar dalam kehilangan keanekaragaman hayati. Konversi lahan hutan menjadi perkebunan memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap perubahan struktur komunitas pada pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit baik itu di kebun inti, kebun plasma maupun hutan tinggal. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan komunitas semai sebagai acuan untuk melihat perubahan komposisi jenis, nilai penting suatu jenis penyusun komunitas semai dan nilai keanekaragaman berdasar indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode jalur untuk kebun inti dan kebun plasma dengan menempatkan petak contoh setiap 100 meter dan jarak antar petak nukur sejauh 25 meter. Metode pengambilan data pada hutan tinggal yaitu dengan metode jalur berseling sengan jarak antar petak berseling sebelah kanan dan kiri 25 meter. Penelitian dilakukan di PT Inti Indosawit Subur pada bulan Maret-April 2009. Penelitian menghasilkan perhitungan komposisi semai pohon pada hutan tinggal 26 spesies dari 15 famili, pada kebun plasma terdapat 17 spesies dari 13 famili pada kebun inti terdapat 11 spesies dari 10 famili. Nilai penting jenis tertinggi di hutan tinggal yaitu Lacanastoma densiflora sebesar 18.06196 %, kebun inti yaitu Aglaia tomentosa sebesar 45.2991453 %, kebun plasma yaitu jenis Aquilaria malaccensis sebesar 27.969276 %. Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner, hutan tinggal yaitu sebesar 1.24522, kebun plasma sebesar 1.120365, kebun inti sebesar 0.879523.

Forest convertion became palm oil plantation is one of biggest threat in the major problems of biodiversity loss. It gave big impact for community structure changes of palm oil plantation managing, as happened in core plants, plasma plants or in gallery forest. This research used seedling community as main objective to identify the changes of seedling species composition, significant value and biodiversity index based on Shannon-Wienner biodiversity index. Research method that applied was line method for numerating in core plants and plasma plants. Space plot in this method was 100 metres between line and 25 metres between plot sample. In gallery forrest applied line plot interval, it means sample plot used to located in different side intervally with range 25 metres. The research was located in PT Inti Indosawit Subur on March-April 2009. Result of this research showed that species composition in gallery forest consisted of 26 species from 15 families, plasma plants consisted of 17 species from 13 families, in core plants consisted of 11 species from 10 families. Highest Significant value in gallery forest was Lacanastoma densiflora as 18.06196 %, core plants was Aglaia tomentosa as 45.2991453 %, plasma plants was Aquilaria malaccensis as 27.969276 %. Shannon-Wienner biodiversity index of seedling community in gallery forest was 1.24522, in plasma platns was 1.120365, in core plants was 0.879523.

Kata Kunci : analisis vegetasi, struktur vegetasi, komunitas semai, kebun kelapa sawit