HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMICS DETERMINANTS TO SANITATION ACHIEVEMENTS IN INDONESIA (A CASE STUDY FROM INDONESIA FAMILY LIFE SURVEY)

INDY MURWINDYA, Nobuki Sugita; Kiyoto Kurokawa

2018 | Tesis | Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Sanitasi penting bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan, namun sampai tahun 2015 baru tercatat +61% penduduk Indonesia menggunakan sanitasi memadai, dan sekitar 20% populasi masih belum menggunakan sanitasi. Akibatnya pencapaian sanitasi di Indonesia dipandang perlu diperbaiki. Rumahtangga yang lekat dengan kondisi sosioekonominya menjadi aktor kunci pencapaian sanitasi 100%. Namun belum terdapat penelitian yang memberikan bukti empiris mengenai hubungan antara kondsi sosioekonomi rumah tangga dengan pencapaian sanitasi. Mengambil panel data Indonesia Family Life Survey gelombang 5 dan 4, penelitian ini berupaya memberikan bukti empiris dengan melakukan estimasi metode panel ordered probit. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan kuat, antara pencapaan sanitasi dengan kondisi sisioekonomi rumahtangga. Signifikansi 1% dijumpai pada kondisi sosioekonomi terkait kesejahteraan, akses, pendidikan, dan peran gender di pengambian keputusan. Hubungan paling kuat dan konsisten (tanda negatif) terhadap pencapaian sanitasi ditunjukkan oleh rasio pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk bahan makanan dan bahan non-makanan.

Sanitation is important for society's well being and environment. However, by 2015 only +61% of Indonesia population have improved sanitation. Moreover, around 20% of the population still practice open defecation. This shows that Indonesia sanitation achievement is still poor. Household, especially their socioeconomic conditions, is a key actor in improving sanitation achievement. However there is not yet study giving evidence on the relation between household socioeconomic indicators and sanitation achievement. Using Indonesia Family Live Survey data, this study aims to estimate the effect of household socioeconomic indicators to sanitation achievements by employing panel ordered probit model. Results show that there are strong evidences on the relation between sanitation achievements and household socioeconomic indicators at 1% significance, especially those socioeconomic condition related to welfare, access, education, occupation, and gender role in decision making. A determinant, the ratio between food and non-food expenditures, depicts that it has a consistently highest coefficient value.

Kata Kunci : pencapaian sanitasi memadai, indicator level rumah tangga, investasi sanitasi, sistem sanitasi terdesentralisasi, panel ordered probit