INTERAKSI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN MOTAAIN-TIMOR LESTE

JENDRI ABIMELEK N, Dr. Andri Kurniawan, M.Si; Dr. Sudrajat, M.P

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER GEOGRAFI

Kawasan perbatasan sangat strategis karena secara fisik bersentuhan langsung dengan negara tetangga. Kawasan perbatasan merupakan pintu masuk dan keluar arus sumberdaya (barang dan jasa, serta manusia) antar negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi interaksi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste, menganalisis alasan melakukan interaksi sosial ekonomi di perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste, dan menyusun strategi pengembangan kawasan perbatasan berbasis pada interaksi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan gabungan antara kualitatif dengan kuantitatif. Kualitatif memiliki proporsi lebih besar dan kuantitatif hanya bersifat verifikatif untuk menjawab tiga tujuan penelitian di atas. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara terstruktur, indepth interview, observasi dan survei instansi. Populasi yang digunakan sebagai subjek penelitian ini adalah orang yang melakukan interaksi di perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam membantu penyusunan strategi pengembangan kawasan perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kota Atambua menjadi tujuan masyarakat perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste dalam melakukan kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi. Terdapat perbedaan pola pergerakan antara masyarakat NTT dan Timor Leste dalam melakukan kegiatan interaksi baik itu interaksi sosial maupun ekonomi. Perbedaan tersebut pada jenis interaksi ekonomi, dimana masyarakat NTT ke Timor Leste utamanya untuk bekerja, sedangkan dari arah sebaliknya yakni masyarakat perbatasan Timor Leste ke NTT adalah untuk membeli barang kebutuhan dan jenis interaksi sosial yakni pendidikan (sekolah/kuliah), dan berwisata. Pola kegiatan interaksi sosial hampir sama karena dominasinya adalah untuk bertemu keluarga. Terdapat juga perbedaan pada frekuensi interaksi, dan lama berkunjung pelintas batas NTT dan Timor Leste. Alasan yang paling mendasar orang melakukan interaksi sosial ekonomi di perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste adalah secara emosional memiliki hubungan kekerabatan antara masyarakat Kabupaten Belu dan Timor Leste, biaya, jarak, kemudahan aksesibiltas, dan ketersedian moda transportasi. Strategi pengembangan kawasan perbatasan Motaain-Timor Leste terkait interaksi sosial ekonomi menggunakan analisis SWOT yakni secara umum menerapkan kebijakan yang memudahkan masyarakat melakukan aktivitas lintas batas, pembangunan pasar permanen di kawasan perbatasan Motaain yang dapat menyediakan kebutuhan masyarakat perbatasan dan warga Timor Leste.

The border area is very strategic area because it is related directly with the countries around it. The border area is the entrance and the exit gate of the resources flow (goods and services, as well as humans) between the countries. This study aimed to identify the socio-economic interactions of the people at the border of Motaain-Timor Leste, to analyse the reasons of the people for conducting socio-economic interactions at the border area of Motaain-Timor Leste, and to formulate a strategy for border area development based on the socio-economic interaction of the people at the border area of Motaain-Timor Leste. This research used mix method with a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative approach had a greater proportion and quantitative approach was only to verify the answer of the three research objectives above. The techniques data collection used structured interview methods, in-depth interviews, observations and agency surveys. The population of this research was people who interacted at the border area of Motaain-Timor Leste and the stakeholders involved in helping to formulate the strategy for developing the border area of Motaain-Timor Leste. This study used accidental sampling technique. The method of analysis data used in this research was qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the city of Atambua became the destination of the border societies of Motaain-Timor Leste in conducting social and economic activities. There are differences in patterns of movement between the people of NTT and Timor Leste in conducting interaction activities both in social and economic interactions. The differences in economic interaction was the citizens of NTT went to Timor Leste primarily to work, whereas from the opposite direction the border citizens of Timor Leste went to NTT was to buy goods they needed and for types of social interactions such as education (school/college) and travel. The pattern of social interaction activities was almost the same because what dominance was to meet family. There are also differences in the frequency of interactions, and the length of time that border crossers visited NTT and Timor Leste. The most fundamental reason for people to conduct socio-economic interactions at border area of Motaain-Timor Leste were the people of Belu Regency and Timor Leste have an emotional relationship between them, the costs, the distance, the accessibility, and the availability of transportation modes. SWOT analysis was used as the strategy for developing the border area of Motaain-Timor Leste related to socio-economic interactions, which generally applies the policies that make it easier for communities to conduct cross-border activities, to develop permanent market at the border area of Motaain that can provide the needs of the border societies and people of Timor Leste.

Kata Kunci : kasawan perbatasan, interaksi, hubungan kekerabatan, aksesibilitas