EVALUASI EMISI GAS METAN (CH4) PADA FESES SAPI POTONG YANG TEROLAH DAN TIDAK TEROLAH

DINA SETIYANA, Ir. Ambar Pertiwiningrum, M.Si., Ph.D., IPM ; Dr. Ir. Benito Heru Purwanto, M.Agr.Sc.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui emisi gas CH4 pada feses yang diolah menjadi biogas (menghasilkan sludge biogas) dan kompos dan emisi gas CH4 pada feses sapi potong yang tidak diolah yaitu feses segar dan feses ditimbun. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah feses segar sapi potong, feses yang ditimbun, sludge dan kompos yang berasal dari Kelompok Ternak Ngudi Mulyo, Pleret, Bantul. Pengukuran emisi gas CH4 dilakukan menggunakan sungkup dengan volume 25 L dan dilengkapi alat berupa kipas, karet, termometer, dan baterai. Pengambilan sampel gas dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali selama 8 minggu. Setiap pengambilan sampel gas dilakukan dengan interval waktu 10 menit sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel gas dianalisis menggunakan Gas Chromatografi (GC) kemudian dihitung fluks gas CH4 yang diperoleh. Variabel data uji yang lain adalah uji pH, kadar air, suhu, kadar bahan organik, kadar C organik, kadar N total dan C/N rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa feses ditimbun menghasilkan emisi gas CH4 paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 173.101,00 ppm, feses segar menghasilkan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 162.797,10 ppm, sludge menghasilkan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 3.070,55 ppm dan kompos menghasilkan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 2.963,33 ppm selama 8 minggu. Terjadi kenaikan emisi gas CH4 pada feses ditimbun sebesar 6,33% jika dibandingkan feses segar. Sludge dan kompos mengalami penurunan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 98,11% dan 98,18% jika dibandingkan feses segar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pengolahan limbah menjadi biogas maupun kompos dapat mengurangi emisi gas CH4.

This research is aimed to determine the emission of CH4 gas from treated cattle feces that is sludge biogas and compost (cattle feces that utilized as fertilizer) and also untreated cattle feces that is fresh cattle feces and burried cattle feces. Materials that used in this study were collected from animal farm community of Ngudi Mulyo, Pleret, Bantul. Measurement of CH4 gas emission is using a chamber with a volume of 25 L and equipped with a fan, rubber, thermometer, and battery. Gas that used as samples were taken every 2 weeks for 8 weeks of observasion. The sampling of gas is taken within the intervals of 10 minutes and was done in triplicate. Gas samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and then the flux of obtained CH4 gas was calculated. Tests were carried out in the form of pH test, water content, temperature, organic matter content, organic C content, total N content and C/N ratio. The results of this research showed that the buried feces produced the highest CH4 gas emissions of 173.101,00 ppm, fresh feces produced CH4 gas emissions of 162.797,10 ppm, sludge produced CH4 gas emissions of 3.070,55 ppm and compost produced 2.963,33 ppm CH4 gas emissions for 8 weeks. There was an increase of CH4 gas emission in buried feces by 6.33% compared to fresh feces. There are the decrease of CH4 gas emission from sludge biogas and compost of 98,11% and 98,18% respectively compared to fresh feces. It was concluded that the processing of cattle feces to biogas and compost is important to reduce CH4 gas emissions.

Kata Kunci : Feses sapi potong, Emisi gas CH4, Sludge dan Kompos.