Evaluasi Implementasi Program Penanganan Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Semarang

AKHIATUL AKBAR, Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.; Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Penanganan permukiman kumuh merupakan bagian dari kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam pembangunan perkotaan untuk mewujudkan target kota tanpa permukiman kumuh pada tahun 2019 maupun Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tujuan ke-11. Salah satu program yang dilaksanakan yaitu Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2). Sebagai bagian dari siklus perencanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi implementasi program perlu dilakukan, agar target kota tanpa permukiman kumuh dapat tercapai sesuai rencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi program penanganan permukiman kumuh yang dilaksanakan NUSP-2 dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam implementasi program tersebut untuk mencapai tujuan penanganan permukiman kumuh. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deduktif campuran (kualitatif-kuantitatif). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Semarang dengan 17 kelurahan sasaran program. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen, terkait dengan implementasi program pada tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2017. Wawancara dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling kepada pelaksana program dan penerima manfaat. Metode analisis data yaitu secara deskriptif dengan mengevaluasi implementasi NUSP-2 berdasarkan kriteria relevansi, efisiensi, efektivitas, dan keberlanjutan, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Temuan penelitian yaitu implementasi program penanganan permukiman kumuh yang dilaksanakan oleh NUSP-2 di Kota Semarang dinilai kurang berhasil berdasarkan kriteria evaluasi dan belum dapat mencapai target implementasi sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu masih kurang dalam hal pemahaman pelaksana program, koordinasi, sumber daya, penerapan pedoman, kepatuhan dan responsivitas masyarakat, pengawasan kualitas infrastruktur yang dibangun, serta adanya konflik kepentingan dan kesulitan yang menjadi kendala dalam implementasi. Namun, terdapat faktor yang mendukung kinerja implementasi, yaitu adanya pengendalian agar kegiatan terimplementasi tepat waktu dan komitmen pelaksana program yang baik dalam menunjang keberhasilan implementasi dalam program ini.

Slum upgrading program is part of the Government of Indonesia's policy in urban development to realize the target of cities without slums in 2019 and the 11th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the programs has been being implemented the Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2). As part of the planning cycle, monitoring and evaluation of program implementation needs to be done, so that the target cities without slums can be achieved according to plan. This research intended to evaluate the performance of the implementation of slum upgrading program implemented by NUSP-2 and to identify the factors affecting implementation of the program to achieve the objectives of slum upgrading. This research used deductive method quantitative-qualitative. This research was carried out in Semarang City with 17 districts. Data collection was conducted by interviewing, observing, and reviewing documents, related to the implementation of the program in 2015 to 2017. Interviews were carried out by purposive sampling to program implementors and beneficiaries. Data analysis method was descriptive by evaluating the performance of NUSP-2 implementation based on the criteria of relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability, as well as identifying the factors that affecting it. This research found that the implementation of slum upgrading program carried out by NUSP-2 in Semarang City were considered to be less successful based on evaluation criteria and had not been able to achieve the implementation target in accordance with the predetermined plan. It was affected by the factors which were still lacking in terms of understanding the implementers, coordination, resources, implementation of guidelines, compliance and community responsiveness, supervision of the quality of the infrastructure built, and the existence of conflicts of interest and difficulties which were constraint in implementation. However, there were factors that support implementation performance, that were the existence of controls so that so that activities could be implemented on time and program implementers' commitments were good in relation to the completion of these infrastructure development activities, which supported the successful implementation of this program.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi, Penanganan Permukiman Kumuh, Implementasi Program, Faktor Pengaruh, Kota Semarang